120例中国成年人上前牙美学比例分析

Esthetic proportions of maxillary anterior teeth of 120 Chinese adults

目的:评价120例中国成年人相邻上前牙的宽度比和上前牙临床冠的宽长比,为口腔美学诊疗提供依据。方法:分别在华北、东南、西南地区三家口腔医院的义齿加工中心按照纳入和排除标准收集上颌石膏模型,拍摄标准数码照片,以ImageJ软件测量相邻上前牙的宽度比和上前牙临床冠的宽长比,评价相邻上前牙的宽度比与黄金分割比例和Preston比例有无差异,上前牙临床冠的宽长比与理想值0.80有无差异,分析不同性别、左右两侧和不同地域中国成年人的上前牙美学比例有无差异。结果:侧切牙与中切牙的宽度比为0.724±0.047,尖牙与侧切牙的宽度比为0.814±0.092;中切牙、侧切牙和尖牙的临床冠宽长比分别为0.848±0.072、0.834±0.094、0.883±0.098;上述比例与既往理想值的差异均有统计学意义(P<0.001)。不同性别、左右两侧和不同地域进行比较,侧切牙与中切牙的宽度比:右侧比左侧大(分别为0.730±0.044和0.718±0.050)、华北地区比西南地区小(分别为0.711±0.051和0.731±0.044);中切牙的临床冠宽长比:女性比男性大(分别为0.855±0.074和0.835±0.068)、右侧比左侧大(分别为0.855±0.073和0.842±0.072);侧切牙的临床冠宽长比:女性比男性大(分别为0.843±0.097和0.817±0.084);上述差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:中国成年人上前牙美学比例具有自身特点,应用时需考虑性别和地域差异。

Objective:To analyze the esthetic proportions of maxillary anterior teeth in term of the apparent widths proportion of the adjacent teeth and width/height ratio of the clinical crown in 120 Chinese adults.Methods:Maxillary gypsum casts were obtained from the dental laboratories of stomatological hospitals in North China,Southeast China,and Southwest China,according to the inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria.Standardized digital photographs of each cast were recorded.The apparent widths and actual widths and heights of the central incisors,lateral incisors and canines were determined by ImageJ software for the calculation of apparent widths proportion of the adjacent teeth and width/height ratio of the clinical crown.The ideal apparent widths proportion(Golden proportion and Preston proportion)and width/height ratio(0.80)were tested.The gender,arch side,and regional differences were investigated.Results:The apparent widths proportion of the lateral/central incisor was 0.724±0.047,of the canine/lateral incisor was 0.814±0.092.The width/height ratio of the central incisor was 0.848±0.072,of the lateral incisor was 0.834±0.094,of the canine was 0.883±0.098.The esthetic proportions were different from the predicted ideal ratio(P<0.001).The apparent widths proportion of lateral/central incisor was significantly larger in the right side than that in the left side(0.730±0.044 vs.0.718±0.050),and was significantly smaller in North China than that in Southwest China(0.711±0.051 vs.0.731±0.044).The width/height ratio of the central incisor was significantly larger in the female than that in the male(0.855±0.074 vs.0.835±0.068),and in the right side than that in the left side(0.855±0.073 vs.0.842±0.072).The width/height ratio of the lateral incisor was significantly larger in the female than that in the male(0.843±0.097 vs.0.817±0.084).Conclusion:The apparent widths proportion of adjacent teeth and the width/height ratio of the clinical crown in Chinese adults are different from the foreigner’s.The esthetic proportion parameters have significant population specificity,and the measurements cannot be generalized as well as it should be applied with caution.