国外畜禽养殖面源污染:管控模式、典型经验和现实启示

Diffused pollution of overseas livestock and poultry:management m ode,typical experience and practical enlightenment

畜禽养殖在疏缓人口激增而带来的畜禽产品供需矛盾的同时,也成为农业面源污染的最主要来源之一,对生态环境和农业可持续发展带来极大影响。笔者以畜禽养殖面源污染为研究对象,在总结梳理国外管控模式、典型经验的基础上,认真分析发现我国畜禽养殖面源污染管控存在政策制定滞后和法规缺位、实施机制不全和扶持不力、管理存在技术瓶颈和监督不力等问题,并因地制宜从政策、机制、技术和管理层面提出我国畜禽养殖污染物应从构建规范体系、凝聚治污合力、提供技术支撑和强化管理方面实现资源化、减量化、无害化发展的管控建议。

Livestock and poultry breeding not only relieves the contradiction between supply and demand of livestock and poultry products caused by population surge, but also becomes one of the main sources of agricultural diffused pollution, which has a great impact on sustainable development of agriculture. In this paper, the diffused pollution of livestock and poultry breeding in suburbs was selected as the research object. On the basis of summarizing and combing the management mode and management experience of foreign countries, author analyzed the existing problems of diffused pollution in suburbs of China and finds that there are some problems, such as lag in policy formulation, absence of laws and regulations, incomplete implementation mechanism and support, technical bottleneck and ineffective supervision in management at the technical and management level, and put forward the countermeasures to realize the resource, reduction and harmless development of livestock and poultry breeding pollutants from the policy level, mechanism level, technical level and management level by building a standard system, pooling the joint efforts of pollution control, providing technical support and strengthen management.