基于POI数据的上海市餐饮业空间分布特征及影响因素

Spatial Distribution Patterns and Factors Influencing the Shanghai Catering Industry Based on POI Data

以上海市为研究对象,基于兴趣点(POI)数据,运用核密度分析刻画餐饮业空间格局,并构建OLS模型、空间滞后模型、空间误差模型探究餐饮业空间分布的影响因素。结果发现,餐饮业空间分布呈块状聚集、多中心发展的格局。其中,西餐业高度集中于内环线以内,呈东西向延伸;快餐业在中心城区和高校集聚的城郊结合部大规模集聚。空间计量回归结果表明,餐饮业分布受到人口、经济、交通、空间4类要素的影响:区域经济发展水平高、人口规模大、交通优越、相关业态丰富会促进集聚,而周边业态的混合度过高则会抑制集聚,城市空间结构也会影响餐饮业分布,商圈、中心城区的餐饮业密度更高;中餐、西餐、正餐、快餐4类餐饮业分布的影响因素存在差异性,西餐企业倾向于分布在地价较高的地区,中餐企业对交通可达性有更高的需求,正餐企业的分布与当地区域经济发展水平显著相关,快餐企业的分布与各类文娱公共设施的分布有密切联系。

Commercial space structure is an important research focus of Urban Geography.Analyzing the spatial distribution of urban commerce is of great significance to urban planning management,within which spatial distribution patterns of the catering industry have always been a focus of research.Quantitative analysis of the catering industry's spatial pattern and influencing factors using big data is a primary trend in recent research.This paper uses Shanghai as a case-study.Based on POI data and using GIS spatial analysis methods and spatial regression models,the spatial distribution patterns,influencing factors,and internal heterogeneity of different catering industry types are investigated.This paper's conclusions are useful for understanding the influence of urban internal spatial elements on the catering industry's spatial pattern.It also provides a location selection reference for the catering industry and analyzes residents'consumption behavior.We find that the catering industry is clustered and multi-centered,and concentrated in the central urban area.The foreign catering industry is highly concentrated within the inner ring,extending from east to west.The fast-food industry is primarily agglomerated in central areas and rural-urban continua where universities cluster.We use a spatial error model to analyze the influencing factors,finding that the catering industry distribution is influenced by four factors:population,economy,transportation,and space.A larger population provides for more consumers in the catering industry,and the spatial concentration of the population can promote the creation of more catering companies.The catering industry tends to assemble in areas with a higher level of regional economic development.Superior transportation conditions can attract catering companies,but the influences of transport facilities differ.Parking facilities and bus stations are vital to the catering industry.In terms of macroeconomic location,catering industries concentrate around regional centers.Densities of catering companies within the inner ring are significantly higher than those outside.The density of catering companies does not show a significant difference between new towns and the Puxi area.Regarding the micro-built environment,the clustering of public,leisure,entertainment,and cultural facilities positively impacts the distribution of catering companies;however,the degree of diversity of surrounding industry types negatively impacts agglomeration.There are also differences in the factors affecting the catering industry's four distribution types:Chinese food,western food,fast food,and dining establishments.Western food companies tend to be located in areas with higher land prices.Chinese food companies have a greater demand for traffic accessibility.The distribution of dining establishments corresponds significantly to the level of local economic development.The distribution of fast-food companies is closely related to cultural and entertainment public facilities.We extrapolate the relevant theories of urban commercial space structures,providing theoretical support to facilitate the catering industry in choosing company locations and conduct future urban planning.