矮砧富士果树滴灌配施氮磷钾肥料效应研究

Study on the Effect of Nitrogen,Phosphorus and Potassium Fertilizer on Fuji Drip Irrigation with Dense Planting on Dwarf Anvil

为了研究滴灌条件下氮肥、磷肥、钾肥对苹果的肥料效应和最大经济效益,本研究采用以8年生矮砧密植富士果树为试材,设计“3414”(3因素4水平)最优回归试验方案,利用SAS统计分析工具,建立氮肥(X1)、磷肥(X2)、钾肥(X3)与矮砧密植富士果实产量(Y)的回归模型:Y=2.754+0.419X1+0.138X2+0.309X3-0.0011X12-0.00151X22-0.00046X32+0.00081X1X2-0.00129X1X3+0.00007X2X3。结果表明:在当前地力水平下,最高果实产量为60.30 t·hm^-2,对应氮、磷、钾肥施用量分别为0.109,0.0779,0.182 t·hm^-2;最佳果实经济产量为59.955 t·hm^-2,对应氮、磷、钾肥的施用量分别为0.108,0.0775,0.181 t·hm^-2。当前地力水平和灌水条件下,氮、磷、钾最佳配比为1.0∶0.7∶1.6,对矮砧密植富士果实产量贡献率分别为18.18%,12.29%和18.11%,即氮、磷、钾对产量贡献率影响大小为:氮肥≈钾肥>磷肥。氮磷钾肥交互效应分析发现,氮肥对磷肥具有比较明显的增产效应。当滴灌灌溉下限为60%田间持水量时,高氮处理的肥料成本最高,低氮、低磷处理的产投比最大,氮磷钾中等施肥水平时互作效应的经济收入最高。

In order to study the fertilizer effect and maximum economic benefit of nitrogen fertilizer,phosphorus fertilizer and potash fertilizer on apple under drip irrigation,8 years old low anvil dense planting Fuji fruit trees were used as the test materials,"3414"(3 factor 4 level)optimal regression experimental scheme was designed.Using the SAS statistical analysis tools,regression models of nitrogen fertilizer(X1),phosphate fertilizer(X2),potash fertilizer(X3)and fuji fruit yield(Y)were established:Y=2.754+0.419X1+0.138X2+0.309X3-0.0011X12-0.00151X22-0.00046X32+0.00081X1X2-0.00129X1X3+0.00007X2X3.The results showed that under the current soil fertility level,the maximum fruit yield was 60.30 t·hm^-2,and the corresponding nitrogen,phosphorus and potash application amounts was 0.109,0.0779,0.182 t·hm^-2.The optimal economic yield of fruit was 59.955 t·hm^-2,and the corresponding application amounts of nitrogen,phosphorus and potash fertilizer was 0.108,0.0775,0.181 t·hm^-2.Under the current soil fertility level and irrigation conditions,the optimal ratio of nitrogen,phosphate,potash was 1.0∶0.7∶1.6,and the contribution rate of nitrogen,phosphate,potash to the yield of Fuji fruit planted with low anvil was 18.18%,12.29%and 18.11%.In other words,the contribution rate of nitrogen fertilizer,phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer to yield was as follows:nitrogen fertilizer≈potassium fertilizer>phosphorus fertilizer.The interaction effect analysis of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizer found that nitrogen fertilizer had obvious effect on phosphorus fertilizer.When the lower limit of drip irrigation was 60%of field water holding capacity,the fertilizer cost of high nitrogen treatment was the highest,the yield-to-investment ratio of low nitrogen and low phosphorus treatment was the largest,and the economic income of interaction effect was the highest at medium fertilization level of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium.