精准扶贫背景下建档立卡贫困户多维贫困动态测度与分解——基于新疆喀什地区某深度贫困村的实证研究

Dynamic Measurement and Decomposition of Multi-dimensional Poverty of Poor Households under the Background of Precise Poverty Alleviation—A Case Study Based on Deep Poverty Villages in Kashgar,Xinjiang

本文以精准扶贫为背景,采用A-F方法构建多维贫困测度指数,从收入、教育、健康、生活条件、普通话水平、资本积累能力6个维度,对新疆喀什地区某深度贫困村建档立卡贫困户多维贫困进行了测度与分解。研究结果显示:从单一维度上看,2014年人均纯收入指标上的贫困发生率高达96.31%,是造成绝对贫困的首要因素,其后是卫生设施和劳动技能培训;2018年贫困发生率突出表现在受教育程度和普通话水平等指标层面,二者的贫困发生率高达65.70%和54.41%。从多维贫困上看,随着剥夺维度的增加,多维贫困发生率与多维贫困指数均呈逐渐降低的态势,而平均被剥夺程度则不断增强;从多维贫困分解来看,受教育程度和普通话水平始终是深度贫困村多维贫困的主要因素。今后可通过加大教育扶贫力度、加强扶贫与扶志扶智相结合、培育壮大支柱产业、扩大职业技能培训范围、加大对特殊贫困群体关注力度等途径,帮助贫困群众持续提升素质与职业技能水平,实现精准脱贫。

Based on the background of precise poverty alleviation,this paper uses A-F method to construct a multi-dimensional poverty index,which measures and decomposes the multi-dimensional poverty of poor households with deep poverty villages in southern Xinjiang,China,from six dimensions:income,education,health,living conditions,mandarin skills and capital accumulation ability.The results show that from a single dimension,the incidence of net income poverty per capita is as high as 96.31%in 2014,which is the primary factor causing absolute poverty,followed by health facilities and labor skills training.The incidence of poverty in 2018 is prominently reflected in education level and mandarin skills,with the incidence of poverty as high as 65.70%and 54.41%.From the perspective of multi-dimensional poverty,with the increase of deprivation dimension,the incidence of multi-dimensional poverty and the multi-dimensional poverty index are gradually decreasing,while the average degree of deprivation is increasing.From the perspective of multi-dimensional poverty decomposition,education level and mandarin skills have always been the main sources of multi-dimensional poverty in deep poverty-stricken villages.Finally,the paper puts forward corresponding policy suggestions for precise poverty alleviation from intensify poverty alleviation through education,strengthen the combination of poverty alleviation and support for the will and wisdom of the people,foster and strengthen pillar industries,expand the scope of vocational skills training,pay more attention to special poverty groups.