“状态受事性”的拓扑知觉研究

A Topological Approach to Perceptual Organization of the State Affectedness

当代语义结构论将方位变化和状态变化视为动词直接宾语论元受事性的判断标准。其中,状态受事性被视为一种特殊类型的方位受事性。然而我们的研究表明,首先,受事论元的状态变化与方位变化分属于不同性质的几何变化,前者属于欧几里德几何范畴,后者属于拓扑几何范畴;其次,从人类视知觉加工顺序来看,基于拓扑不变性的状态变化表征发生在先,而基于欧几里德几何性的方位变化表征发生在后,从这个意义上来看,状态受事性更具普遍性。最后,当前语义结构论对受事性的假设主要基于格式塔心理学,然而格式塔转换论本身就曾因过于直觉化而遭诟病。本文以拓扑知觉论为理论依据,对动词直接宾语论元的状态受事性展开拓扑知觉研究,旨在为受事性假设提供一个客观的理论支撑。

The changes of location and of state are equally treated in the contemporary theories of semantic structure as ageneral principle of affectedness to judge the semantic role played by the direct object of a motion verb,where the latter is regarded as a special type of the former.Our study,however,shows that the two kinds of affectedness belong to different categories of geometric properties.Besides,the change of state affectedness based on topology invariants is represented first in the process of perceptual organization,while the change of location affectedness based on Euclidean geometry is represented later.In this sense,the state affec-tedness turns out to be more universal.Finally,the existing hypotheses in question are mainly based on the concept of gestalt shift,which has been criticized for being too intuitive.Based on the theory of topological perception proposed by Chen,this paper suggests that the topological invariants based on global connectivity provide a perceptual basis for the affectedness of state.