概念与经验统一:中国共产党制度建设的理性逻辑

Unity of Concept and Experience:Rational Logic in the System Construction of the Communist Party of China

马克思把哲学的目光从抽象的绝对真理拉回到社会中来,扬弃了黑格尔的历史唯心主义并建立了人类历史上第一个自觉面向未来的目标制度。实现这一制度的前提是无产阶级专政,基本条件是建立包括阶段性目标制度、运行动力制度和调节动力制度的完整体系,并以此为基础意图超越中西方传统政治制度设计。中西方分别围绕竞争执政和富国安民的目标性制度进行动力性制度设计,由此完成的制度体系均有其历史局限性,但同时也有闪烁着理性光芒的内核。中国共产党的制度超越,在于认知并利用制度概念体系,在于批判地继承和吸收中西方政治制度传统,并完成两者的理性统一。事实上,中国共产党探索设计自身制度的历史,就是认知制度概念体系,探索社会主义的阶段性目标制度,辩证发展选票与能力、民主与集中、中央与地方的关系,建构文以化之、纪法限之、监督制之的三重调节系统的历史。

Marx drew his philosophical vision back to the society from the absolute truth of nature,sublated Hegel’s historical idealism,and established the first target system in human history.The premise of realizing the transcendental goal system is the dictatorship of the proletariat and the basic condition is to establish a complete system including the staged goal system,the operation power system and the adjustment power system,and to surpass the traditional political system design in China and the West on this basis.China and the West respectively design dynamic systems around the target system of competing for power and enriching the country and the people.The system thus completed has its historical limitations,but at the same time,it also has a rational core.The system transcendence of the Communist Party of China lies in its recognizing and utilizing the system concept system,critically inheriting and absorbing the tradition of Chinese and Western political systems,and accomplishing the rational unity of the two.In fact,the history of the CPC’s exploration and design of its own system is the history of recognizing the system concept system,exploring the socialist stage target system,dialectically developing the relationship between vote and ability,democracy and centralization,and the central and local governments,and constructing a triple adjustment system of culture,discipline and law,and supervision system.