20世纪80年代以来挠力河流域湿地景观变化过程研究

Processes of wetland landscape changes in Naoli River Basin since1980s

挠力河流域面积为241.67×104hm2。其自然条件决定了该流域具有极丰富的湿地生物多样性。从1980年以来,由于经济的快速发展,该流域湿地景观和土地利用发生了显著的变化。自然湿地资源从1982年的53.32×104hm2变成2000年的17.17×104hm2,减少了67.8%;而水田面积却增加了38.5倍,同时,旱田面积也大幅度增加。该文利用遥感和GIS技术,对近20年来该流域湿地景观变化过程进行时空定量分析;并结合流域土地利用/土地覆盖类型的动态变化,探讨流域在经济快速发展中土地利用与湿地之间的演化规律及其对湿地的影响机制。

Naoli River Basin,with a total area of2416700ha,is one of the largest basins in the Sanjinag Plain.The basin is rich in wetland biodiversity,especially in wetland landscapes,ecosystems and communities due to the physical conditions.But,since the beginning of the founding of the P.R.China,large scale land reclamation activities had happened for a few times.Especially at the rapid economic development period after1980,China has put economic reform and opening policy into practice.As a result,great changes had occurred in wetlands.The natural wetland area decreased from533200ha in1982to171700ha in2000,or reduced by67.8%,and paddy field area increased138200ha or39.43times of that in1982.Dry farming land area also increased from969100ha in1982to1363400ha in2000,an increase of40700ha.Now the Naoli River Basin has become an important national grain production base from the previous'great northern wildness'.This paper explores the process of wetland landscape changes over the past20years based on remote sensing and GIS techniques,particularly,wetland landscape classification system.And temporal and spatial land use/land cover changes are emphasized to analyze the relationship between land use and wetlands.