《民法典》诞生的历史进程

The Historical Imprint of the Birth of the Civil Code of the People s Republic of China

《中华人民共和国民法典》的出台昭示我国正式进入法典时代,回溯我国的法典化进程对于总结立法经验和民法典的完善具有重大的理论和现实意义。我国民事立法经历了从“计划经济时代到市场经济时代的民事法律—《中华人民共和国民法通则》—《中华人民共和国民法总则》—《中华人民共和国民法典》”的历程。《中华人民共和国民法通则》顺应了市场经济改革的需要,构建了民法典的雏形。民事立法展现出由民法通则引领、单行法分散立法的模式。在民事法律体系基本成型的基础上,党的十八届四中全会作出了制定民法典的决定,立法机关采取提取“公因式”的方法,提炼出民法的一般原则和基本框架,形成了统领各民事单行法的民法总则。进而整合民事单行法,形成民法分则的各个分编,最终形成一部价值融贯、规则统一、体系完备的现代民法典。

China s civil legislation has gone through the process of codification from civil law in the era of planned economy→General Principles of Civil Law of the People s Republic of China→general rules of civil law of the People s Republic of China→civil code of the People s Republic of China.Among them,the General Principles of Civil Law of the People s Republic of China,as a law reflecting the law of market economy development,constituted the embryonic form of the civil code.Furthermore,the Fourth Plenary Session of the Eighteenth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China made the decision to formulate a civil code.The legislature adopted the method of extracting common factors to extract the general principles and basic framework of civil law and form the general rules of civil law governing individual civil laws.On this basis,the individual civil laws are integrated to form the various divisions of the civil law,and finally a modern civil code with integrated values,unified rules and complete systems is formed.