自动驾驶汽车的五大伦理问题与原则的思考

Thoughts on the Five Ethical Issues and Principles of Autonomous Vehicles

自动驾驶代替人类驾驶员进行驾驶决策以及驾驶操作,需要从机器代替人类劳动的整个劳动过程重新审视相关的伦理问题。在实践中,突破机器决策的伦理“两难困境”,应以人人平等的伦理共识为底线,以民意调查为具体的选择标准。为尽力规避自动驾驶系统威胁人类决策的自主性,宜确立承运人无免责权的默认原则。为了增进社会公平,需要遵循统一规划和向最不利者倾斜的原则。为有效划归自动驾驶事故责任,应遵循奥康剃刀原则及责任承担的有效和实用原则。为了在“开放数据获取便利”和“保护隐私”之间实现平衡,应遵循政府管控数据输入原则。

Autonomous driving replaces human drivers in driving decision-making and driving operations,requiring a re-examination of related ethical issues from the entire labor process.In practice,to break through the ethical dilemma of machine decision-making,the ethical consensus that everyone is equal should be the bottom line,and public opinion surveys should be the specific selection criteria.In order to try to avoid the autonomy of autopilot systems threatening human decision-making autonomy,it is advisable to establish the default principle that the carrier has no immunity.In order to improve social equity,it is necessary to follow the principles of unified planning and preference for the most disadvantaged.In order to effectively assign responsibility for autonomous driving accidents,Aokang’s razor principle and the principle of effectiveness practicality in taking responsibility should be followed.In order to achieve a balance between“convenience of data access”and“privacy protection”,the principle of government control of data input should be followed.