粮食储藏生理性变质研究进展

Progress in Physiological Deterioration of Stored Grain

粮食是人类赖以生存的物质基础,粮食储藏变质对农业生产及食品加工影响巨大。粮食生理劣变是一个复杂、渐进的物理、化学与生物学过程,与其籽粒的生理活动密切相关。研究表明,粮食籽粒酶活性降低,呼吸作用下降,生命力减弱等是其生理变质的外在表现,储粮生理活动是引发其生理劣变的本质要素。深入了解粮食籽粒在储藏过程中生理活动及其变化规律对揭示储藏生理变质机理具有重要意义。本文主要介绍了粮食籽粒储藏衰老过程中种胚微观结构、营养物质转化、线粒体呼吸作用、细胞抗氧化系统、遗传物质变异等的研究现状,并对粮食储藏保鲜原理进行讨论,以期为提出延缓和预测粮食储藏劣变的方法提供参考。

Grain is the key material basis for survival and development of human society,and the grain storage deterioration has a significant impact on the agricultural production and food processing.Grain physiological deterioration is a complex and progressively physical,chemical and biological process,which is closely related to grain physiological activities.Researches showed indicated that the decrease of enzyme activity,weak respiration and vitality of grain were the external manifestations of its physiological deterioration,while the physiological activity of stored grain was the essential factor.It is of great significance to understand the physiological activities and changes of grain during storage for revealing the mechanism of storage physiological deterioration This paper mainly introduces the research status of embryo microstructure,nutrient transformation,mitochondrial respiration,cell antioxidant mechanism and genetic material variation in the process of grain storage aging,and discusses the principles of grain storage and preservation,so as to provide reference for delaying and predicting grain deterioration during storage.