不同有机-无机肥配施模式对设施辣椒产量及养分利用的影响

Effects of Different Organic-Inorganic Fertilizers Combined Application Methods on Yield and Nutrient Utilization of Capsicum in Greenhouse

通过日光温室小区试验研究了不同有机-无机肥配施模式对设施辣椒产量、养分利用和土壤养分的影响,探索适宜设施辣椒的有机-无机肥配施模式,并对其经济效益进行评价。试验设置7个处理:常规用量化肥配施常量有机肥(FP+OM1),优化用量化肥(OPT),优化用量化肥配施低量有机肥(OPT+OM2),优化用量化肥配施中量有机肥(OPT+OM3),优化用量化肥配施高量有机肥(OPT+OM4),减施15%化肥配施中量有机肥(OPT1+OM3),减施30%化肥配施中量有机肥(OPT2+OM3)。结果表明:(1)等化肥用量条件下,辣椒产量随有机肥用量增加而增加,OPT+OM4处理产量最高,比FP+OM1处理增产49.91%;OPT1+OM3和OPT2+OM3处理的辣椒产量仍持平或略高于FP+OM1处理。(2)辣椒NO^-3-N含量随有机肥用量的增加而增加,随化肥用量的减少而降低,OPT+OM4处理NO^-3-N含量最高,比FP+OM1处理高46.57%。(3)OPT+OM3和OPT+OM4处理的辣椒氮磷钾累积量和氮磷钾收获指数居高,OPT2+OM3、OPT+OM4处理肥料偏生产力较高,分别比FP+OM1处理分别提高67.89%、65.66%。(4)不同施肥处理土壤养分差异很大,OPT+OM3处理土壤中全氮、速效钾、有效磷和有机质含量居高,速效钾、有效磷含量分别比FP+OM1处理提高38.78%和22.20%。(5)OPT+OM4施肥模式的纯收入最高,为44.50万元/hm^2,OPT+OM3处理的产投比最高,为4.90。在本试验条件下,综合产量、效益和土壤培肥等因素,推荐每公顷施用2422.5~2850.0kg化肥配合施用45562.5kg有机肥为较优的施肥模式。

Through plot experiment in solar greenhouse,the effects of different combined application methods of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer on yield,nutrient utilization and soil nutrients of capsicum were studied to explore the suitable combined application method of organic and chemical fertilizers,and their economic benefits were also evaluated.Seven treatments were designed as conventional chemical fertilizer and conventional organic fertilizer(FP+OM1),optimized chemical fertilizer(OPT),optimized chemical fertilizer combined with low rate organic fertilizer(OPT+OM2),optimized chemical fertilizer combined with medium rate of organic fertilizer(OPT+OM3),optimized chemical fertilizer combined with high rate of organic fertilizer(OPT+OM4),15%reduction of OPT combined with medium rate of organic fertilizer(OPT1+OM3)and 30%reduction of OPT combined with medium rate of organic fertilizer(OPT2+OM3).The results were as follows.(1)Under the conditions of equal chemical fertilizer,the yield of capsicum increased with the increase of organic fertilizer.The yield of OPT+OM4 treatment was the highest and increased by 49.91%compared with FP+OM1 treatment.Under the OPT1+OM3 and OPT2+OM3 treatments,the yield of capsicum was still same or slightly higher than that of FP+OM1 treatment.(2)The NO^-3-N content in capsicum increased with the increase of organic fertilizer and decreased with the decrease of chemical fertilizer.The NO^-3-N content under OPT+OM4 treatment was the highest,which was 46.57%higher than that of the FP+OM1 treatment.(3)The NPK accumulation and NPK harvest index of OPT+OM3 and OPT+OM4 treatments were higher;and OPT2+OM3 and OPT+OM4 treatments showed higher fertilizer productivity,which were 67.89%and 65.66%higher than that of FP+OM1 treatment respectively.(4)The soil nutrients were significantly different under different fertilization treatments.The contents of total nitrogen,available potassium and phosphorus and organic matter in soil were higher under OPT+OM3 treatment,and the contents of available potassium and phosphorus were 38.78%and 22.20%higher than those of FP+OM1 treatment.(5)The net income of OPT+OM4 mode was the highest as 445.0 thousand yuan per hectare,and the ratio of output to input under OPT+OM3 treatment was the highest as 4.90.Comprehensively considering yield,benefit and soil fertility,2422.5~2850.0 kg chemical fertilizer combined with 45562.5 kg organic fertilizer per hectare was recommended as the better fertilization mode under the conditions of this experiment.