胚胎滞育的研究进展

Research Progress on Embryo Diapause

胚胎滞育又称胚胎延迟着床,是胚胎发育到囊胚阶段后胚胎处于休眠状态,细胞增殖停滞,当内外环境适宜时,才能激活胚胎使其重新开始发育、着床的生理现象。目前,已发现7个目130多种动物的胚胎发育过程中存在胚胎滞育的现象。它被认为是确保动物成功繁殖以及新生儿存活的进化策略之一。按照胚胎发育的特点,可将胚胎滞育分为2种类型:兼性滞育和专性滞育。2种滞育均受外界环境,以及垂体、卵巢和子宫分泌因子的调控,但具体调节机制还不清楚。该文综述了不同动物胚胎滞育的特点,外界环境、母体环境和内源性因子对胚胎滞育的影响及调节机理,以及胚胎滞育与细胞周期之间相互调节作用和机制。以期为胚胎发育研究提供科学支撑。

Embryo diapause,also known as delayed implantation of embryo,is a physiological phenomenon that the embryo is dormant and the cell proliferation is stagnant after the embryo develops to the blastocyst stage.Only when the internal and external environment is suitable,the embryo can be activated to restart its development and implantation.To date,it has been found that embryonic diapause exists in the process of embryonic development of more than 130 species of mammals from 7 orders.It is considered to be one of the evolutionary strategies to ensure the successful reproduction of animals and the survival of newborns.According to the characteristics of embryonic development,embryonic diapause can be divided into two types:facultative diapause and obligate diapause.The two kinds of diapause are regulated by the factors from external environment and from secretory factors of pituitary,ovary and uterus.However,the specific regulation mechanism underlying diapause is not clear.This review describes the characteristics of diapause of different animal embryos,the effects and regulatory mechanisms of external environment,maternal environment and endogenous factors on embryonic diapause,as well as the interaction and mechanism between embryonic diapause and cell cycle,which will provide scientific support for the research of embryo development.