中华鳖暗温室养殖水体理化因子及微生物多样性分析

Physico-chemical factors and microbial diversity analysis of water body in Chinese soft-shelled turtle Pelodiscussinensisdark greenhouse culture

暗温室是中华鳖(Pelodiscus sinensis)人工养殖的主要方式之一。为阐明中华鳖暗温室养殖过程中高氮水体和低氮水体中微生物多样性及其与环境因子的关系,在河北省鹿泉中华鳖暗温室养殖池挑选了总氮浓度较高的池塘和总氮浓度较低的池塘进行了水体理化因子监测和微生物多样性对比分析。水体理化因子检测结果显示两种水体的温度均在30℃左右,pH值为7左右,符合中华鳖的养殖要求。两种水体的溶解氧为0.25mg/L左右。高氮水体的总氮、氨氮、亚硝态氮、硝态氮的浓度相较于低氮水体均比较高。高氮与低氮水体在各分类水平上的优势菌群均存在差异,低氮水体绿屈扰菌门(Chloroflexi)占据主要优势,而高氮水体中变形菌门(Proteobacteria)占主要优势,属水平层次上低氮水体中的优势菌为束缚杆菌属(Haliscomenobacter)、亚硝化单胞菌属(Nitrosomonas)。高氮水体多核杆菌属(Polynucleobacter)、亮杆菌属(Leucobacter)占据优势地位,两种水体物种丰富度及相似度存在差异。结果表明高氮与低氮水体不仅在总氮和无机氮浓度上差别较大,微生物多样性也存在明显差距,微生物区系不同可能是造成氮浓度差异的原因之一。

Dark greenhouse farming is one of the main methods of culture of Chinese soft-shelled turtle Pelodiscus sinensis.In order to clarify physico-chemical index and the microbial diversity of aquaculture water,the water body of the high nitrogen(H-N)and lower nitrogen pond(L-N)in the dark greenhouse turtle farm in Luquan,Hebei Province were sampled,and the physic-chemical factors and microbial diversity of the water body was analyzed.The results showed that the temperature of the water was about 30℃and pH value was about 7,which met the requirements of the turtle culture.The dissolved oxygen of the two kinds of aquaculture water was about 0.25mg/L.The concentrations of total nitrogen and inorganic nitrogen in H-N water were higher than those in L-N water.In term of microbial diversity,the dominant flora between H-N and L-N water were differences at different taxons.At the phylum level,Chloroflexi was dominant in L-N water,while Proteobacteria was dominant in H-N water.At the genus level,the dominant genus in L-N water were Haliscomenobacter and Nitrosomonas,while Polynucleobacteriumand Leucobacter were dominant in H-N water.There were differences in species richness and similarity between the two kinds of water.The results showed that the difference of total nitrogen and inorganic nitrogen concentration was significant between H-N and L-N water,and there was also a significant difference in microbial diversity.The different microbial flora might be one of the reason of the difference of nitrogen concentration in these two kinds of ponds.