云南松林下干巴菌生长土壤的理化性质及有效态微量元素特征

Physicochemical Properties and Available Microelement Characteristics of Soil for the Growth of Thelephora ganbajun under Pinus yunnanensis Forest

干巴菌是我国西南地区常见的菌根食用菌,目前无法进行人工栽培,因此确定云南松林下干巴菌生长的土壤环境对于其人工栽培的实现极为关键。为了解云南松林下干巴菌生长土壤的理化性质及有效态微量元素特征,本研究以云南松林下干巴菌生长土壤为研究对象,通过野外调查与室内分析相结合的手段,对云南松林下干巴菌生长土壤的理化性质与有效态微量元素特征进行了测定分析;并根据综合得分模型计算出所有样地的综合主成分值,将其按综合主成分值进行了排序。结果表明:云南松林下干巴菌生长土壤的pH为4.69~5.70,有机质含量为35.85~129.59 g/kg,全氮含量为1.33~3.29 g/kg,全磷含量为0.38~0.63 g/kg,全钾含量为4.81~22.42 g/kg,水解性氮含量为104.24~285.17 mg/kg,有效磷含量为2.76~16.07 mg/kg,速效钾含量为74.33~368.80 mg/kg,有效锌含量为1.08~15.68 mg/kg,有效锰含量为8.74~39.37 mg/kg,有效铜含量为0.42~1.60 mg/kg,有效铁含量为53.44~232.36 mg/kg,有效硼含量为0.39~0.97 mg/kg。pH值与其他指标均不相关,全钾与其他指标间呈负相关或不相关,其余11个指标之间的相关性都是显著或极显著。综合评价得分表明,样地E和H的综合得分较高。因此,适宜干巴菌生长的土壤环境为弱酸性,有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾、水解性氮、有效磷和速效钾含量较高,有效态微量元素含量较丰富;有效锌、有效锰、有效铁和有效硼含量,均与有机质、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾、全氮和全磷含量分别呈显著正相关,且有效态微量元素间关系也呈显著正相关。研究结果明确了干巴菌适宜栽培的土壤环境,可为其人工种植提供理论基础。

Thelephora ganbajun,as a common mycorrhizal edible fungus in Southwest China,can't be cultivated artificially.So,it is very important to determine a suitable soil environment for the growth of the fungus under the Pinus yunnanensis forest.The aim of this paper was to understand the physicochemical properties and available microelement characteristics of soil for the growth of T.ganbajun under P.yunnanensis forest.Based on the field investigation and indoor analysis,the physicochemical properties and available microelement characteristics of the soil for the growth of T.ganbajun were determined.According to the comprehensive score model,the comprehensive principal component values of all sites were calculated and sorted.Result showed that the pH and content of organic matter,total nitrogen,total phosphorus,total potassium,available nitrogen,available phosphorus,available potassium,available Zn,available Mn,available Cu,available Fe and available B in soils were 4.69-5.70,35.85-129.59 g/kg,1.33-3.29 g/kg,0.38-0.63 g/kg,4.81-22.42 g/kg,104.24-285.17 mg/kg,2.76-16.07mg/kg,74.33-368.80 mg/kg,1.08-15.68 mg/kg,8.74-39.37 mg/kg,0.42-1.60 mg/kg,53.44-232.36 mg/kg and 0.39-0.97 mg/kg,respectively.The pH was not correlated with other indexes,and total potassium was negatively correlated or uncorrelated with other indexes.However,the correlation between the other 11 indexes was significant or extremely significant.Results also showed that the comprehensive scores of sites E and H were much higher,indicating that the related experiments could be carried out on sites E and H preferentially in the process of semi artificial simulation cultivation of T.ganbajun.In conclusion,the suitable soil environment for the growth of P.yunnanensis and T.ganbajun is slight acid and contains higher organic matter,total nitrogen,total phosphorus,total potassium,available nitrogen,available phosphorus,available potassium,available Zn,available Mn,available Cu,available Fe and available B.Available Zn,available Mn,available Cu,available Fe and available B are positively related to total nitrogen,total phosphorus,available nitrogen,available phosphorus,and available potassium significantly.And the relationship between effective available microelements is also significantly positive.This research determined the suitable soil environment of T.ganbajun cultivation and provided a reference for the soil environment of its artificial cultivation.