不同伐藤处理下次生林群落林下物种多样性及优势种群分布格局

Subforest Species Diversity and Dominant Population Distribution Pattern of Secondary Forest Community under Different Felling Lianas Treatments

探讨不同伐藤处理对次生林群落林下物种多样性及优势种群分布格局的影响,为次生林群落的保育修复和可持续发展提供理论依据。以五指山市受藤本植物危害严重的低海拔次生林群落为研究对象,采用野外调查的方法,分别对未做伐藤处理、伐藤1 a处理和伐藤3 a处理的次生林群落林下植被进行调查。经分析发现:(1)研究区林下植物种类较为丰富,共出现137种植物,隶属59科103属,伐藤处理可使次生林群落灌、草层物种数量发生明显变化。(2)伐藤处理可显著提高研究区次生林群落灌木层4种多样性指数;同时,伐藤处理也可使草本层多样性指数和均匀度指数发生剧烈变化,且随着伐藤年限的延长,草本层Shannon-Wiener多样性指数显著增大(P<0.05)。(3)伐藤处理可使研究区次生林群落灌、草层优势种数量明显增多,利于林下植被的均衡生长和恢复演替。(4)不同伐藤处理下的次生林群落灌草层优势种(IV≥4)均呈聚集分布,伐藤处理可显著改变次生林群落灌木层物种种群分布格局,有助于推动草本层中乔木等生活型植物的天然更新。综上可知,在研究区次生林群落恢复演替的过程中,应及时进行伐藤处理,增加林内透光度,以利于林下植被的稳定恢复。

The effects of different felling lianas treatments on subforest species diversity and dominant population distribution pattern of secondary forest community are explored to provide theoretical basis for conservation and restoration and sustainable development of secondary forest communities.Taking the low-altitude secondary forest communities seriously damaged by vines in Wuzhishan City as the research object,the undergrowth vegetation of secondary forest communities without felling lianas treatment,treated by felling lianas for 1 year and treated by felling lianas for 3 years are investigated by field investigation.The results showed that:(1)The species of undergrowth plants in the study area are abundant,including 137 plants belonging to 59 families and 103 genera.The number of species in secondary forest community under irrigation and grass layer could be significantly changed by cutting down lianas;(2)The vine cutting treatment could significantly increase the four species diversity indices of the shrub layer of the secondary forest community in the study area.At the same time,the vine cutting treatment can also make the diversity indeXand evenness indeXof the herb layer change dramatically.Shannon-Wiener diversity indeXincreased significantly(P<0.05);(3)The treatment of felling lianas could significantly increase the number of dominant species in the secondary forest community in the study area,which is beneficial to the balanced growth and restoration succession of undergrowth vegetation;(4)The dominant species(IV≥4)in the shrub layer of the secondary forest community under different felling lianas treatments is all clustered and distributed.Felling lianas treatment could significantly change the species population distribution pattern in the shrub layer of the secondary forest community,and it was helpful to promote the natural regeneration of trees and other life-type plants in the herb layer.To sum up,in the process of secondary forest community restoration and succession in the study area,it is necessary to timely cut down lianas to increase the light transmittance in the forest,so as to facilitate the stable recovery of undergrowth vegetation.