高速列车球窝非光滑表面减阻降噪研究

Research on Drag and Noise Reduction of Non-smooth Surface of Ball Sockets of High Speed Trains

为减少高速列车在运行时的气动阻力及噪声,提高列车运行效率,改善列车乘坐舒适性,研究高速列车球窝非光滑表面减阻降噪技术。以CRH3型高速列车为研究对象,通过在车体的头部和尾部加设球窝控制湍流特性,以起到减阻降噪效果。建立非光滑表面CRH3型头车+中间车+尾车的简化仿真模型,应用k-ε湍流模型对稳态运行速度为300 km/h时的列车进行模拟仿真,计算列车运行时的空气阻力和噪声,对比分析球窝不同的半径、深度和阵列距离等参数对减阻及降噪性能的影响。仿真结果表明:参数适当的球窝非光滑表面能够显著降低列车高速行驶时的黏性阻力,进而产生良好的减阻效应。另外,参数适当的球窝非光滑表面有助于降低涡脱落量,减少气动噪声。这能为高速列车后期减阻降噪方法研究提供一定参考。

In order to reduce the aerodynamic resistance and noise of high-speed trains during operation to improve the efficiency of train operation and ride comfort,the non-smooth ball socket surfaces technique is proposed to reduce the drag and noise of the high-speed trains.With the CRH3 high-speed train as the research object,the head vehicle and tail vehicle of the train are equipped with ball sockets to control the turbulence performance to achieve the effect of drag and noise reduction.A simplified simulation model of the CRH3 high-speed train is established,which includes a head vehicle,middle vehicles and a tail vehicle.The k-εturbulence model is used to simulate the train at a constant running speed of 300 km/h,and the air resistance and noise of the train during the operation are calculated.The effects of changes in the radius,depth and array distance of the ball sockets on the drag reduction and noise reduction performance are compared and analyzed.The simulation results show that the ball sockets with non-smooth surface with appropriate parameters can significantly reduce the viscous resistance of the train at high speeds,and then produce a good drag reduction effect.In addition,the non-smooth surface of the ball sockets with proper parameters is helpful for reducing the amount of vortex shedding and aerodynamic noise.This research can provide a certain reference for further study on the method for reducing drag and noise of high-speed trains.