高速列车观光区噪声源识别及路径贡献分析

Analyses of Noise Source Identification and Path Contribution in Tourist Cabins of High Speed Trains

高速列车观光区位于司机室后方,作为重要的商务或特等座区域,其对车内噪声有更为严格的要求。但受车头显著声源激励影响,车内噪声普遍偏大。采用试验与信号分析方法,基于声源识别和工况传递路径分析原理,开展高速列车观光区噪声源识别和传递路径贡献分析。首先,分析高速列车观光区车内噪声的频谱特性及其随列车运行速度的变化规律,确定观光区噪声的显著频率区段及其声压级水平;然后,利用球形阵列进行观光区声源识别,揭示观光区噪声源分布特性;进而,开展工况传递路径分析,将空气路径和结构路径对车内噪声的贡献进行量化;最后,对各关键传递路径进行识别和量化排序。结果表明:列车速度在200 km/h至350 km/h范围内每增加50 km/h,观光区噪声总值增大3 dB(A)至5 dB(A);以350 km/h运行时,转向架区域噪声与振动是主导激励源,在噪声显著频率范围50 Hz至500 Hz内结构激励是导致观光区噪声的主导因素,其中最大贡献路径为抗蛇行减振器垂向。

The tourist cabin of the high-speed train is located behind the driver’s cabin as an important business or special seat area.It has stricter requirements on the interior noise.But,since it is generally stimulated by the sound source of the train head,the noise inside the vehicle is quite large.So,the test and signal analysis methods are used to identify the noise source and analyze the transfer path contribution in the tourist cabin of the high-speed train based on the principle of sound source identification and operational transfer path analysis.Firstly,the spectrum characteristics of the interior noise in the tourist cabin of the high-speed train and its variation law with the speed of the train are analyzed.The significant frequency band of the noise and its sound pressure level are clarified.Then,sound source identification test by means of the spherical array is carried out and the sound source distribution characteristics of the noise in the tourist cabin of the high-speed train are mastered.Furthermore,the operational transfer path analysis is done to quantitatively calculate the contributions of the air-borne paths and structural-borne paths to the interior noise.Finally,the contribution of each key transfer path is identified and ranked.The results show that the overall value of the noise in the tourist cabin is increased by 3 dB(A)-5 dB(A)for every 50 km/h increase of the speed of the train in the range of 200 km/h-350 km/h;the noise and vibration of bogie area are the dominant sources of excitation;in the significant frequency range of 50 Hz-500 Hz,the contribution of structural excitations are the dominant factor for the noise in the tourist cabin;when the train operates at a speed of 350 km/h,the largest contribution path is in the vertical direction of the anti-yaw damper.