逮捕程序中立性原则的理论检视及路径选择

A Theoretical Review of the Principle of Neutrality Principle of Arrest Procedure and Its Path Selection

认识主体和认识对象的“双重主观性”,批捕权的权力属性和权力功能,以及实现程序和实体的“双重公正”目标,是检察官审查逮捕中立性的重要理据。考量因素的纯粹性,信息材料的全面性,程序的对抗性和诉讼性,以及证据审查的客观性,是保障检察官中立性的理想制度设计。但实践中存在“纯粹”的逮捕程序不纯粹、侦查中思维定式以及侦辩信息供给不对等、决策者角色超载、程序合作性与职权主义色彩等问题。对此,应理清逮捕制度应有目的,回归逮捕制度程序保障的基本功能。同时,侦查机关收集证据时合理借鉴竞争性假设分析法,有效克服思维定式;审查逮捕阶段应当构建“三方对审”审查逮捕模式,保障侦辩双方平等对抗。

The"dual subjectivity"of the subject and the object,the power attribute and power function of the power of arrest approval,and the goal of realizing"double justice"of the procedure and entity are the foundations for prosecutors to examine the neutrality of arrest.The purity of the considerations,the comprehensiveness of the information materials,the adversarial and litigious nature of the procedure,and the objectivity of the evidence review are the ideal system design to guarantee the prosecutor's neutrality.However,there are some problems in practice,such as the"pure"arrest procedure is not pure,the thinking pattern in the investigation and the uneven supply of investigative information,the overloading of decision-maker's role,procedural cooperation and the color of authority.In this regard,we should clarify the purpose of arrest system and return to its basic function of procedural guarantee.At the same time,the competitive hypothesis analysis method is used to overcome the thinking pattern.In the stage of arrest examination,a"three-party trial"mode of arrest examination should be established to ensure equal confrontation between the investigators and the defendants.