我国自愿戒毒制度的现状与完善

The Present Situation and Perfection of the Voluntary Drug Detoxification System in China

在由“重惩罚,轻治疗”的传统戒毒模式转向综合考虑生理、心理、社会、生物等各种因素、更具现代化的戒毒治疗模式的过程中,自愿戒毒制度的意义十分重大。其体现出现行法律鼓励科学治疗、不以强制惩罚为中心的制度善意,对我国戒毒康复体系的完善与发展具有积极的影响。但是,由于自愿戒毒制度在我国确立的时间较晚,整个制度体系仍不够完善。在实践中,还存在康复效果不佳、财政困难、人才缺失等问题,由此导致自愿戒毒机构数量出现严重萎缩。为此,政府一方面应该加强并完善有关自愿戒毒制度的专门立法,另一方面也要进一步加强教育科研和财政资金支持,以此促进自愿戒毒机构的管理水平和队伍建设水平不断提升。

As a critical link in the drug rehabilitation system in China, the system of voluntary detoxification is of great significance to transform from the traditional drug abstinence mode, which emphasizes the "heavy punishment and light treatment", and it is of great significance to take comprehensive consideration of various factors, such as physiological, psychological, social and biological factors, to carry out more modern drug treatment. The system that reflects that the existing law encourages professional treatment and does not impose mandatory punishment, which is significant to the improvement and development of China’s drug rehabilitation system. However, due to the late establishment of voluntary drug rehabilitation system in China, the whole system is still not perfect. In practice, there are still some problems such as poor rehabilitation effect, financial difficulties and lack of talents, which lead to the serious shrinkage of the number of voluntary drug rehabilitation institutions. Therefore, on the one hand, the government should strengthen and perfect the special legislation on the voluntary drug rehabilitation system;on the other hand, it should further strengthen the education, scientific research and financial support, so as to promote the management level and team building level of the voluntary drug rehabilitation institutions.