中国微观就业质量:绩效评价、影响因素及优化路径

China’s Micro Employment Quality: Performance Evaluation, Influencing Factors and Optimization Path

不断提高就业质量是高质量发展的题中应有之义。劳动者就业的最终目的是实现福祉最大化,因而,从高质量发展的视角来看,就业质量是劳动者在就业过程中主客观福祉的综合体现。基于BOD模型的绩效评价结果显示,我国就业质量整体水平仍有较大提升空间,特别是提升主观就业质量更具迫切性,并且不同人群的就业质量存在显著差异。运用夏普利值法分解影响因素的结果显示,区域特征、健康资本、人力资本、就业特征对就业质量的相对贡献较大。因此,提升就业质量应注重改善劳动者主观福利,建立高效统一的劳动力市场,保障劳动者平等就业权,加大人力资本投资以强化就业质量的微观基础。

To constantly improve the quality of employment is an integral part of high-quality development. The ultimate goal of laborers is to maximize their well-being. Therefore,the quality of employment is a comprehensive reflection of the subjective and objective well-being of laborers in the process of employment. The evaluation results based on the BOD model show that the overall level of employment quality in China has a great room for improvement,especially the improvement of subjective employment quality is more urgent,and there are significant differences in the employment quality among different groups. The application of Shapley’s value method to decompose the influencing factors shows that regional characteristics,health capital,human capital and employment characteristics have relatively large contributions to employment quality. Therefore,the improvement of employment quality should focus on improving subjective welfare of workers,establishing efficient unified market,guaranteeing equal employment right of workers,and increasing investment in human capital and health capital to strengthen the micro-foundation of employment quality.