灌水量和种植密度互作对籽瓜产量及籽粒性状的影响

Effects of Irrigation Amount and Planting Density on Yield and Seed Traits of Seed Melon

以高产抗病籽瓜品种"新籽瓜6号"为试材,采用田间试验方法,设置低水2250 m^3·hm^-2(W1)、中水3750 m^3·hm^-2(W2)、高水5250 m^3·hm^-2(W3)3个灌水量处理,高密度6.75万株·hm^-2(D1)、中高密度5.25万株·hm^-2(D2)、中等密度4.50万株·hm^-2(D3)和低密度3.75万株·hm^-2(D4)4个密度处理,研究不同灌水量与种植密度对"新籽瓜6号"产量及构成因子的影响,并通过分析不同处理对籽瓜籽粒性状的影响,探究生态区内"新籽瓜6号"获得高产的最佳灌水量与种植密度组合,以期为生态区内"新籽瓜6号"高产栽培提供参考依据。结果表明:籽瓜产量与收获瓜数、单株结瓜数、单瓜产籽量、单瓜有效籽粒数和单瓜籽粒干质量呈极显著正相关。增加灌水量对籽瓜收获株数和单瓜质量影响不大,但能提高籽瓜坐瓜数及单株结瓜数,从而提高籽瓜单瓜产籽量,增加籽瓜产量。籽瓜收获株数和瓜数随种植密度降低而减少,单株结瓜数、单瓜质量、单瓜产籽量随密度降低而增加,籽瓜产量在中等密度4.50万株·hm^-2时产量最高。低灌水量(2250 m^3·hm^-2)下,籽瓜产量在中高密度5.25万株·hm^-2时最高,随后随株距增大产量降低;中等灌水量(3750 m^3·hm^-2)下,籽瓜在中等密度4.50万株·hm^-2时产量最高为2564.94 kg·hm^-2;高灌水量(5250 m^3·hm^-2)下,籽瓜产量随种植密度降低呈先增加后降低的趋势,籽瓜产量在种植密度4.50万株·hm^-2时显著高于其它处理,产量为2741.80 kg·hm^-2。综上所述,灌水量较低时,种植密度较大或较小都难以使籽瓜获得较高产量,灌水量5250 m^3·hm^-2时,在最佳种植密度下籽瓜产量与灌水量3750 m^3·hm^-2差异不大,从节水灌溉方面考虑,灌水量3750 m^3·hm^-2、种植密度4.50万株·hm^-2为石河子垦区"新籽瓜6号"获得高产最佳灌水与种植密度组合。

‘Xinzigua 6’,a high yield and disease resistant seed melon variety,was used as the test material.Three irrigation amount treatments were set,low water amount of 2250 m^3·hm^-2(W1),medium water amount of 3750 m^3·hm^-2(W2),high water amount of 5250 m^3·hm^-2(W3)and four density treatments,high density of 67500 plants·hm^-2(D1),medium and high density of 52500 plants·hm^-2(D2),medium density of 45000 plants·hm^-2(D3)and low density of 37500 plants·hm^-2(D4)were set up to study the effects of different irrigation amount and planting density on the yield and component factors of‘Xinzigua 6’.In addition,in order to provide reference for high yield cultivation of‘Xinzigua 6’,the best combination of irrigation amount and planting density for high yield of‘Xinzigua 6’was explored in the ecological area through analyzing the effect of different treatments on the traits of seed melon.The results showed that the yield of seed melon was positively correlated with the harvest melonnumbers,the number of melons per plant,the yield of seeds per melon,the number of effective seeds per melon and the dry weight of seeds per melon.Although increasing irrigation amount has little effect on the number of harvest plants and the weight of single melon,but it can increase the number of sitting melon and the number of fruit per plant,so as to increase the seed yield of single melon and the yield of seed melon.Additionally,the number of harvested plants and melons decreased with the decrease of planting density,but the number of melons per plant,the weight of single melon and the yield of seeds per melon increased with the decrease of planting density,moreover,the yield of seed melon was the highest at the middle density of 45000 plants·hm^-2.Under the condition of low irrigation amount(2250 m^3·hm^-2),the yield of seed melon was the highest at medium and high density of 52500 plants·hm^-2 and then decreased with the increase of plant spacing.Under the condition of medium irrigation amount(3750 m^3·hm^-2),the yield of seed melon was 2564.94 kg·hm^-2 at medium density of 45000 plants·hm^-2.Under the condition of high irrigation amount(5250 m^3·hm^-2),the yield of seed melon increased first and then decreased with the decrease of planting density,and the yield of seed melon was significantly higher than that of other treatments when the planting density was 45000 plants·hm^-2,and the yield was 2741.80 kg·hm^-2.In conclusion,when the irrigation amount was low,it was difficult to get high yield of seed melon when the planting density was large or small.When the irrigation amount was 5250 m^3·hm^-2,there was little difference between the seed melon yield and the irrigation amount of 3750 m^3·hm^-2 under the optimum planting density.Considering the water-saving irrigation,the irrigation amount of 3750 m^3·hm^-2 and the planting density of 45000 plants·hm^-2 were the best irrigation and high yield of‘Xinzigua 6’in Shihezi Reclamation Area planting density combination.