印度尼西亚铜鼓类型与源流考辨

Types and Historical Origins of Bronze Drums in Indonesia

印度尼西亚铜鼓种类繁多,参考已有分类法,可把印度尼西亚铜鼓分为黑格尔型铜鼓、贝静型铜鼓、莫科鼓型铜鼓和新型铜鼓这四类,以及纳伽拉I-X型。起初,东山铜鼓通过贸易、交换或赠予进入印度尼西亚,所以印度尼西亚发现有不少黑格尔Ⅰ型(纳伽拉Ⅰ型和纳伽拉Ⅱ型)铜鼓;而后,掌握了铜鼓铸造技术的当地人在仿造这些“外国风格的铜鼓”的过程中,逐渐制造出本土化的铜鼓,形成了类型繁多的铜鼓,有的流传至今。

Bronze drums in Indonesia fall into many categories.With reference to the existing methods,bronze drums in Indonesia can be classified into four main types,namely,Heger type,Pejeng type,Moko type and new type,as well as 10 sub-types of Nekara type Ⅰ to X.Originally,the Dong Son bronze drums were brought to Indonesia through trade,barter or donation;therefore,many bronze drums of Heger type Ⅰ(which is equal to Nekara type Ⅰand Nekara type Ⅱ)have been found in Indonesia.Later,in the process of imitating the "foreign-style bronze drums",the local people began to master the casting technology and gradually produced localized ones.Hence there were a wide variety of bronze drums,some of which have been passed down to this day.