泰国铜鼓类型、源流族属与文化传承

Types,Origins,Ethnic Identity and Cultural Inheritance of Bronze Drums in Thailand

泰国铜鼓主要分布于泰国的北部、东北部、中部和南部,有黑格尔Ⅰ型和黑格尔Ⅲ型两类。泰国黑格尔Ⅰ型铜鼓最初的主人很可能是泰族先民。当然,随着民族的交往交流和融合,其他一些民族可能也受到了铜鼓文化的影响。黑格尔Ⅲ型铜鼓在泰国的出现体现了铜鼓文化的延续和拓展。自中国唐宋时期以来,泰国铜鼓的铸造和使用除了泰族之外,至少还有克伦族等民族。现代泰国除了主体民族泰族使用铜鼓之外,克伦族和克木人两个少数民族也使用铜鼓。

Bronze drums in Thailand,including the two types of Heger typeⅠand Heger typeⅢ,are mainly distributed in the northern,northeastern,central and southern parts of the country.The ancestor of the Thai people is probably the original owner of the Heger typeⅠbronze drums in Thailand.It is reasonable to deduce that bronze drum culture may also influence other communities with the exchanges and integration of ethnic groups.The appearance of the Heger typeⅢbronze drum in Thailand indicates the continuation and spread of bronze drum culture.Since the Tang and Song Dynasties,in addition to the Thai people,the Karen people and other ethnic groups ever cast and used bronze drums in Thailand.Today,besides the Thai people,the major group in modern Thailand,two groups of ethnic minority,namely Karen and Khmu,also use bronze drums.