农业家庭经营的适应性及生产社会化服务探析--基于对农业生产过程和非农生产过程的比较

Analysis on the Adaptability and Social Production Service of Family-run Agricultural Production--Based on the Comparison between Agricultural Production and Non-agricultural Production

相比非农生产,农业生产的周期较长、生产要素投入的连续性较弱,在完成各个农业生产环节之余,农业劳动力需通过灵活参与非农生产来更有效地利用劳动时间。农业生产集体化时期乡村劳动力被严格约束在农业生产范围内,这抑制了其劳动生产率的提升;恢复农业家庭经营方式以来,乡村劳动力降低了农业劳动投入强度,提高了劳动生产率,但农业生产越来越依赖非劳动要素投入,而分散的家庭经营方式不利于提高要素投入效果,事实上当前的农业生产要素投入也并不都由各家各户自行完成。为维护农业家庭经营的基础性地位、支持小农户的生产,需加强公共性农业技术指导和服务的政策,提供及时、有效和公益性的生产社会化服务。

It is argued that compared with non-agricultural production,agricultural production is characterized with longer cycle and weaker continuity of production factor input(labor time included).Thus,to make full use of labor time,the agricultural labor needs to be flexibly engaged in off-farm employment.The rural labor force were strictly constrained to agricultural production in the period of collective farming,which consequently depressed the growth of labor productivity.Since the restoration of family management system,the rural labor force are allowed to allocate more time to non-agricultural production,and therefore help to increase labor productivity.However,as the role of non-labor factor input is strengthened in the factor input structure in agricultural production(particularly in grain production)where labor transfer continues,the increase of factor input efficiency is impeded by family management.In fact,all factor input procedures of agricultural production are not implemented by rural families.It is concluded that the enhancement of public agricultural technology guidance and support of timely and effective social production service for the sake of public welfare are indispensable in maintaining the fundamental status of family-run agricultural production and further developing the production of small farmers.