花木兰与Fa Mulan--性别、国族与中国故事再阐释

Hua Mulan and Fa Mulan:Gender and Nation-State in Retelling Chinese Stories

《木兰辞》所记述的木兰从军的传奇故事,在中国的文化记忆中有重要地位,花木兰也常常作为被倡导去参与国家救亡或建设的新型女性气质的代表形象。这一故事在中国被多次改编成电影,同时也作为中国传统文化的一部分,在美国以不同方式被讲述,并被迪士尼改编成动画和真人电影。就传统中国故事的改编和重新讲述所传达的意识形态来看,邵氏兄弟出品的粤剧电影《花木兰》、马楚成执导的电影《花木兰》和迪士尼拍摄的动画电影《木兰》,都缺乏以中国女性为主体的视角,从而使得一般女性在学习像花木兰一样去工作和奋斗的时候,会面临公开话语中未曾被言说的具体性别难题。

The legendary story of Mulan, recorded in The Ballad of Mulan, is of great importance in Chinese cultural memory, and iconic in calling on women of new femininity to join in rescuing Chinese nation or socialist construction. Adapted to retell traditional story in China, this story also inspired Disney′s cartoon film Mulan and its live action version. As to the representation of gender and the state, and ideologies delivered in adapting and retelling traditional Chinese stories, Shao Brothers′ Hua Mulan(1964), Director Ma Chucheng′s Hua Mulan(2009), and Disney′s feature animated film Mulan(1998) lack women′s perspective as subjects. Thus, if common women do follow Mulan′s example to work and fight, they will face specific gender problems that have never been included in the public discourse.