杏仁古名核、仁辨

Identification of xingren ancient name of "he" and "ren"

古代医书有"杏核"这样的药物名称,但现代医书中只有"杏仁"的药名。在查考字书、训诂书和古代文献记载的基础上,认为古人在实际使用中可以明确"核"和"仁"的区别,认识到了果核和果仁是不同部分。以杏仁为中心,来探讨古代医书中"核"与"仁"的概念以及实质的异同。通过考察古代医药文献的使用情况,可以看出来"杏核"一药其实际药用部分还是杏仁。可能因为古代药材市场不完善,没有完善的药材加工产业,杏核作为杏仁一种容易保存的形式在药铺中出售,需要医家在得到药材之后,再去除一部分非用药部位,因此在古代医籍中"杏核"与"杏仁"实为同一入药部位的不同名称。

Ancient medical books have the names of drugs such as"xinghe"(杏核,apricot pit),but there is only the name"xingren"(杏仁,almond)in modern medical books.On the basis of checking Chinese dictionary,exegetical books and ancient literature,it is believed that the ancients could clearly distinguish the difference between"he"(核,pit)and"ren"(仁,nut)in actual use,and realized that the pit and the nut are different parts.This article takes almonds as the center to explore the similarities and differences of concepts and essences between the"he"(核,pit)and"ren"(仁,nut)in ancient prescriptions.By investigating the usage of ancient medical literature,it can be seen that the actual medicinal part of the medicine"xinghe"(杏核,apricot pit)means still almonds.And due to the imperfect market of ancient medicinal materials,there is no perfect medicinal materials processing industry,and it is necessary for doctors to remove part of the non-medicinal parts after obtaining the medicinal materials.Therefore,in ancient times,the"xinghe"(杏核,apricot pit)and"xingren"(杏仁,almond)are actually different names for the same medicinal part.