近年来青藏高原吐蕃时代考古新发现及其意义

Recent Archaeological Discoveries in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau of Tubo Kingdom and the Significance

青藏高原吐蕃时代考古近年来取得了一系列重要的成就,其中入选2019年度"全国十大考古新发现"和中国社科院考古研究所"六大考古发现"的青海省海西州泉沟一号墓和因都兰"3·15"盗掘古墓葬案而启动发掘的青海省都兰热水血渭2018年一号墓两处吐蕃时代墓葬最为引人注目。这两处墓地同时也入选国家文物局"考古中国·丝绸之路考古"重大发现。本文对这些重要的考古发现加以评述,揭示其对于我国边疆考古、丝绸之路考古等方面的价值和意义。两处墓地的主要发现表现在墓葬的地面墓园布局、墓葬结构与形制、壁画墓和漆棺的出土以及黄金制作的冠饰、镶嵌绿松石的鋬指杯等遗物的出土等关键性要素上,从中可以观察到吐蕃丧葬制度和习俗在青海地区的流行与变迁,也反映出多民族文化融合、丝绸之路交通和中外文化交流的若干线索,为吐蕃时代考古与吐蕃古史研究提供了新的资料。

A series of significant archaeological achievements of Tubo period in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau have been made in recent years,highlighted by Gouquan Tomb No.1 of Haixi Prefecture,Qinghai Province,which is included in the"Top Ten New Archaeological Discoveries in China"in 2020,and 2018 Xuewei Tomb No.1 of Dulan,Qinghai Province,which is included in the"Top Six Archaeological Discoveries"by the Institute of Archaeology,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,both identified to be the tombs of Tubo Kingdom.The two tombs are also included as major discoveries of the"China Archaeology•Silk Road Archaeology"by the National Cultural Heritage Administration.This paper reviews these archaeological discoveries and reveals their values and significance to China's archaeology in the border areas and along the Silk Road.The discoveries of the two tombs are mainly the cemetery layouts,the shapes and structures of tombs,the unearthed fresco tombs and lacquer coffins,gold crests,and wing-handled cup inlaid with turquoise,which demonstrate the prevalence and changes of funeral custom of the Tubo Kingdom in Qinghai and reveals clues of multi-ethnic cultural integration,transportation along the Silk Road and cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries,thereby providing new information for archaeology and historical studies of the Tubo Kingdom.