喜马拉雅的丝绸之路与古国风俗考——时代背景与考古新证

Studies on Silk Road Passing Through Himalaya Mountains and Customs of Ancient Kingdoms--Historical Background and New Evidence of Archaeology

喜马拉雅丝绸之路(唐代丝绸之路“东道”)的开启是以一系列高原王国(吐谷浑、吐蕃、泥婆罗、大羊同)之间、高原王国与唐王朝之间的和亲为背景展开的。王玄策官方使团通过高原丝绸之路往返印度,并对高原王国大羊同、小羊同有了深入的了解。穆斯塘萨木宗墓地和浪卡子县汉晋墓葬的发掘提供了研究大羊同和小羊同丧葬习俗、文化交流的实物材料。唐代丝绸之路“东道”的凿通对青藏高原的文化交流模式产生了深刻的影响,改变了喜马拉雅地区仅通过西藏西部与新疆南部的丝绸之路进行“物”交换的局面,贯通高原南北,成为连接中原与印度的主动脉,并成为官方使团经过的重要通道,实现了“人”的直接交流。

The Silk Road passing through Himalaya Mountains(East Route of the Silk Road of the Tang Dynasty)was opened in the context of the peace-making marriages among the plateau kingdoms(Tuyuhun,Tubo,Bal po,and Zhang-zhung-stod)and those between the plateau kingdoms and the Tang imperial family.The Plateau Silk Road facilitated the travel to and fro between the Tang and India of the diplomatic mission led by Wang Xuance,and deepened the understanding the Tang's imperial government on Zhang-zhungstod and Zhang-zhung-smad.The excavation of Samdzong Cemetery in Mustang and tombs of the Han and Jin Dynasties in Nagarze County have provided substantial materials for studying the funeral customs and cultural exchanges between Zhang-zhung-stod and Zhang-zhung-smad.The opening of the East Route of the Silk Road of the Tang Dynasty had a profound impact on the cultural exchange pattern of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau area,manifested by changing the situation of barter in the Himalayan region by the Silk Road in western Tibet and southern Xinjiang alone,running north to south and connecting the Central Plains of China with India,serving as important passage for official missions,and bringing about direct face-to-face communication.