抗战大后方的志愿兵运动研究

The Study on Volunteers'Movement in the Rear Area During the Anti-Japanese War

志愿兵运动是国民政府为应对战争形势、补充前线兵员、改革兵役制度的一项重要举措。1939年,《管区募集志愿兵办法》颁行后,抗战大后方作为兵员供给的主要地区,志愿兵运动也蓬勃开展。北碚在大后方志愿兵运动中独树一帜,建立起特有的征集模式,一时间志愿从军蔚然成风,书写了兵役史上的光辉一页。大后方的志愿兵运动为抗战补充了兵员,增强了民众的抗战热情和民族意识,是义务兵役制的有益补充,也是国民政府兵役制度变化的重要一环。但由于处在特殊的历史时期,实际收效有限,加之征集志愿兵财政支出巨大,民众负担加重,且征集体制不够完善,引发诸多弊端,国民政府又未能及时解决相关问题,大后方的志愿兵运动不得不在推行一段时间后又被强制取消。

Volunteers’ Movement is an important measure carried by the National Government of the Republic of China to respond to the war situation, provide new battlefront soldiers, and reform the military service system. After the issuance of the Measures for Recruiting Volunteers in the Jurisdiction in 1939, the rear area during the Anti-Japanese War became the main supply place of soldiers and the Volunteers’ Movement became booming. A unique conscription model was implemented in Bei Bei(a place in the north of Chongqing) in this Movement, then many people voluntarily applied to join the army, resulting in a glorious page in the history of military service. The Volunteers’ Movement in the rear area during the War provided new soldiers for China force, enhanced the people’s enthusiasm for the Anti-Japanese War and national consciousness, usefully supplemented the compulsory service system, and played an important role in changing the military service system of National Government. However, because of the special historical period, the practical effect was finite. Huge financial costs incurred in recruiting volunteers, great service pressure over the public, and inadequate conscription gave rise to various malpractices and National Government failed to address relevant issues timely, thus the Volunteers’ Movement in the rear area had to be compulsorily canceled after being implemented for a period.