渭河上游水利水保措施的减水减沙效应分析

Analysis of water and sediment reducing effects of water conservation measures in the upstream of the Weihe River

依据渭河上游实测水文资料和水利水保措施统计数据,分析了流域水文要素和水利水保措施的变化规律。根据双累积曲线、有序聚类、Lee-Heghinan、滑动T检验等方法,结合流域内水利水保措施的变化,将研究期分为基准期(1956-1981年)和措施期(1982-2016年)。采用水量平衡法,分析还原了河流天然径流量和输沙量,评价了水利工程取用耗水的减水减沙作用;分别建立拟合了基准期和措施期年径流量、年输沙量与年降水量的相关公式,分析计算了措施期的减水减沙效应。结果表明:基准期主要为水利工程减水减沙,分别减水6.8%,减沙3.9%;措施期综合减水效应42.9%,综合减沙效应76.5%,水保措施减水减沙效应大于水利工程减水减沙效应,综合减沙效应大于综合减水效应。

Based on the measured hydrological data and the statistical data of water conservancy and water conservation measures in the upper reaches of the Weihe River,the variations of hydrological factors and water conservancy and water conservation measures in the basin are analyzed.According to the double cumulative curve,ordered clustering,Lee-Heghinan,sliding T test and other methods,the study period was divided into base period(1956-1981)and measure period(1982-2016)according to the changes of water conservancy and water conservation measures in the basin.By using the water balance method,the runoff and sediment runoff of rivers are analyzed and restored,and water and sediment reducing effects of taking water on water conservancy project are evaluated.The correlation formulas of annual runoff,annual sediment runoff and annual precipitation in the base period and the measure period are established,respectively,and the effect of water and sediment reducing in the measure period is analyzed and calculated.The basic period is mainly water and sediment reducing for water conservancy projects,water and sediment are reduced by 6.8%and 3.9%,respectively;for the measure period the comprehensive water reducing effects are 42.9%,and the comprehensive sediment reducing effects are 76.5%,the water-reducing and sediment-reducing effects of water conservation measures is larger than that of water conservancy projects,and the comprehensive sediment-reducing effect is much larger than the comprehensive water-reducing effect.Analyzing and studying the influence of human activities on runoff and sediment in the river basins can provide important basis for future regional water resources management,comprehensive river basin management and ecological environment protection.