新冠肺炎疫情对武汉市中小微企业的影响研究——基于795份问卷调查的分析

Research on the Impact of COVID-19 on SMEs in Wuhan:An Analysis Based on 795 Questionnaires

2020年伊始,突如其来的新冠肺炎疫情在武汉爆发,1月23日-4月8日,武汉实行"封城",交通、物流、人员流动全部按下"暂停键",导致武汉市中小微企业遭受重创。文章基于问卷调查,对武汉市中小微企业受疫情的影响状况和对政府扶持政策的诉求等进行了分析。调研结果表明:第一,新冠肺炎疫情导致武汉市中小微企业面临着严峻的考验。高达86%的中小微企业只能勉强维持3个月、超三分之一(37.48%)的中小微企业可能倒闭、超九成(90.57%)的中小微企业认为疫情将导致流动资金紧张、超4成(40.63%)的中小微企业预计上半年将亏损。第二,受疫情冲击最严重的行业集中在制造业、零售业、住宿业、餐饮业、教育培训、文体娱乐业等。第三,武汉市中小微企业对政府帮扶政策的诉求集中在减免企业税费,提供房租、水电费、稳岗就业补贴等,实行灵活的用工和社保政策,以及提供贷款纾困等金融服务。文末从"减、免、缓、补、增"五方面提出了帮助中小微企业渡过疫情难关的对策建议。

The sudden outbreak of Covid-19 in Wuhan at the beginning of 2020 has severely affected small and medium-sized enterprises(SMEs)in Wuhan.Based on the questionnaire survey,this paper ana-lyzes the situation of Wuhan SMEs affected by the epidemic and their demands for government support poli-cies.The results show that:(1)Covid-19 has caused Wuhan’s SMEs to face a severe test of life and death.Up to 86%of SMEs can barely survive for 3 months,more than one-third(37.48%)of SMEs may close down,more than 90%(90.57%)of SMEs believe that the epidemic will lead to a shortage of liquidity,and more than 40%(40.63%)of SMEs expect to lose money in the first half of the year.(2)Industries hardest hit by the epidemic are manufacturing,retail,accommodation,catering,education and training,sports and entertain-ment.(3)The demands of SMEs in Wuhan for government assistance policies focus on reducing enterprise taxes and fees,providing subsidies such as rent,utilities,stable employment,flexible employment and social security policies,and providing financial services such as loan bailout.At the end of the paper,countermea-sures and Suggestions were put forward to help SMEs to tide over the difficulties of the epidemic from five aspects of"reduction,exemption,delay,supplement and increase".