论中国国有企业在美国民事诉讼中的管辖豁免资格

On the Jurisdiction Immunity Qualification of Chinese State-Owned Enterprises in the Civil Litigation of the United State Courts

在中美经贸摩擦的背景下,美国政府已针对中国的国有企业补贴问题进行了较多的WTO诉讼。与此同时,美国的企业也试图针对中国的国有企业在美国提起诉讼。文章从中国国企在美国受诉的管辖豁免着手,综合运用案例研究、历史分析和法解释学等方法,从美国的1976年《外国主权豁免法》的制度和国企满足主权豁免资格的具体要求进行研究。文章在用类型化分析美国法院司法实践的基础上,揭示美国实践对这些构成要件的理解。此外,文章还着重分析了国企不享受豁免的"商业活动"例外的构成。文章最后认为,中国国企在美国受诉应当充分利用实体和程序规则,主张管辖权异议。

In the context of the new US trade policy,the US government has initiated more WTO lawsuits against China’s State-Owned Enterprises.At the same time,US companies have also tried to file lawsuits against state-owned enterprises in China in the United States and have filed huge claims.This paper takes the immunity of Chinese State-owned enterprises in the United States as the research object,and uses case studies,historical analysis and legal hermeneutics to introduce the main legislation of the US regarding sovereign immunity-the US Foreign State Immunity Act of 1976(hereinafter FSIA).On this basis,this pa-per absorbs the requirement under FSIA in American jurisprudence.In addition,this paper focuses on the analysis of the"commercial activity"exceptions in which state-owned enterprises do not enjoy exemptions.Finally,it concludes that Chinese State-Owned enterprises should actively raise jurisdictional objections when they are accused in the United States.