高费率对农民工参加职工社会保险的挤出效应——基于就业类型选择的分析

The Extruding Effect of High Contribution Rate on Migrant Workers’ Participation in Social Insurance--An Analysis Based on Employment Type Selection

农民工参加职工社会保险既是对劳动权益的保障,也是社会保险制度发展的需要。基于全国流动人口监测调查(CMDS)数据,利用社会保险政策费率的地区差异构造核心解释变量,探讨了费率设计对农民工参保的影响及其作用机制。研究结果表明:高费率加大了农民工的就业难度,导致其被迫选择非正规就业,而非正规就业降低了参保率;居民保险对职工保险存在分流效应,且职保的高费率导致农民工更多地选择居保;在明确就业类型后,社会保险缴费挤出农民工参保的作用机制不同,对正规就业者,高费率降低了就业单位与农民工签订劳动合同的概率,进而降低了参保率,对非正规就业者,高费率降低了制度收益率,进而挤出了农民工参保。据此,提出在社会保险制度改革中应进一步落实降费,同时也要强化制度的包容性,切实维护农民工的社会保险权益。

The participation of migrant workers in social insurance is not only the guarantee of labor rights but also the need of the development of social insurance system.Based on the data of CMDS,this paper constructs the core explanatory variables based on the regional difference of the social insurance policy rate,and discusses the influence of the rate design on the participation of migrant workers and its mechanism.The results show that:(1)High rates make it more difficult for migrant workers to obtain employment and are forced to choose informal employment,which reduces the rate of participation;(2)There is a diversion effect of the residents'social insurance on the workers'social insurance,and the high rate of the latter causes the migrant workers to choose residents'social insurance;(3)The mechanism of social insurance contribution on migrant workers varies in different types of employment.For the formal employment sector,the high rate reduces the probability of signing labor contracts between the employment units and migrant workers,thus reducing the rate of participation,and for the informal employment sector,the high rate reduces the institutional rate of return,thus squeezing out the participation of migrant workers.This article proposes to strengthen the system's inclusiveness in the reform of social insurance system,and earnestly safeguard the rights and interests of migrant workers'social insurance.