财政汲取能力影响公共服务供给吗?——基于财政分权和城镇化调节作用的空间检验

Does Fiscal Absorption Capacity Affect the Public Service Supply?-Spatial Analysis Based on the Moderating Effect of Fiscal Decentralization and Urbanization

扩大优质公共服务供给对保障人民基本生活需求、满足人民对美好生活的向往具有重要意义。本文在财政分权制度约束和城镇化发展进程中探究财政汲取能力与公共服务供给的内在逻辑关系,并利用2007-2017年中国省级面板数据,构建空间计量模型进行实证检验,所得结果能够通过多种稳健性检验。结果表明,财政分权催生的经济增长竞争和快速城镇化过程中盲目的规模扩张对地方政府行为发挥了负向调节作用,导致财政汲取能力提高并不必然促进本地公共服务供给,且这种负面效应会向周边地区溢出;不同区域受财政分权和城镇化影响的程度存在显著差异,东、中部地区在消极影响下仍然具备足够的财政汲取能力推动区域内公共服务供给提质增效,而西部和东北地区财政汲取能力提高带来的收入增加被其他生产性投资挤占,未能投向公共服务领域。

It is of great significance to expand the supply of public services to meet the people’s basic living needs and yearning for a better life. The paper explores the internal logical relation between fiscal absorption capacity and public service supply in the condition of fiscal decentralization and urbanization,constructs the spatial econometric model for empirical test using the panel data from 2007 to 2017 as well. After passing several robust tests,the following conclusions are draw. The competition for economic growth and pursuit of rapid expansion of urbanization bring about the negative moderating effect on the local government behavior,which leads to the nonpositive correlation of improvement of fiscal absorptive capacity and promotion of public service supply,while the negative effect spills over to the surrounding areas. There are significant differences in the degree to which different regions are affected by fiscal decentralization and urbanization. The eastern and central regions still have sufficient fiscal absorption capacity to promote the quality and efficiency of public service supply under the negative influence,while the increase in income brought about by the increase in fiscal absorption capacity is squeezed out by other productive investments and fails to invest in public services in the western and northeastern regions.