农地产权、要素配置与农户收入增长

Farmland Property Right,Factor Allocation and Peasant Household Income Growth

我国农户家庭收入增长无法突破瓶颈,这是现有农地制度的不完备之处。本文利用中国家庭追踪调查数据库的2024个样本,探究不同农地产权以及农地要素如何影响农户家庭的各项收入。研究表明:(1)农地生产要素和农业劳动力要素的有效配置,能显著拉动农户家庭农业收入及其占比上升;而农地使用权和处分权的完善对农户家庭总收入增长也有一定的积极作用。(2)农地生产要素的配置显著降低了农户家庭非农收入占比;劳动力要素的农业配置对非农收入及其占比起到抑制性作用,同时会进一步拉低农户家庭总收入的规模。(3)农地产权能够通过调节农户农业生产要素配置来间接影响农户收入;其中农地使用权和收益权的强化能够激励农地要素配置规模的增长,农地使用权的强化还可以在一定程度上提高农户的农业劳动时间。

In China,the growth of household income cannot break through the bottleneck,which is the imperfection of the existing farmland system. This paper uses 2024 samples of China Family Panel Studies to explore how different farmland property rights and farmland elements affect the income of peasant households. The research shows that:( 1) The effective allocation of agricultural land and labor factors can significantly promote the increase of household agricultural income and its proportion;The improvement of farmland use right and disposal right also has a positive effect on the increase of household income.( 2) The allocation of agricultural land elements significantly reduced the proportion of non-agricultural income of households;The agricultural allocation of labor factors has an inhibitory effect on the non-agricultural income and its proportion,and further reduces the size of the total income of households.( 3) Farmland property rights can indirectly affect the income of farmers by adjusting the allocation of agricultural production factors;The intensification of farmland use right and usufruct can stimulate the increase of farmland factor allocation scale,and the intensification of farmland use right can also improve farmers’ agricultural labor time to a certain extent.