南宋茶马贸易及马政相关银铤

Tea-horse-trade and Related Silver Scyee in Southern Song Dynasty

“国之大事在戎,戎之大事在马”,南宋马政相关银铤蔚为大宗,地位重要,迄今发现两大类计十二枚“马司银”,一类为四川茶马司的“马本纲银”。一类为荆湖南路下辖州军起发淮西总领所的“马司银”。这些银铤为宋代特定军事、政治、经济交互作用下的产物,具有鲜明的时代特征。本文从宋境北方、西北、西南方向茶马贸易的大背景展开叙述,探讨了四川茶马司的职能、交易手段以及市马价格等问题。到南宋晚期,宋蒙战争下的茶马贸易与马政问题亦因时局的变化而发生了极大的改变。以赡军为要务的总领所与茶马司在买马问题上可以相互融通调拨,而总领所在朝廷的授意下甚至可以接管茶马司的钱物,自行买马。近年来发现的南宋“马司银”系列银铤,便是这段历史的见证。

Tea-horse-trade was crucial in Medieval China.During the Southern Song Dynasty,there were series of scyees for horse trade cast by Sichuan Tea-Horse trade office and West Huai River Regional Command.There are 12 examples have been found,which provided evidence for the existence of such trade in Southern Song dynasty.This essay is trying to discuss the role of trade office,the methods and costs of trade.The Song Court could purchase horse from its north,north-west and south-west border regions.During the late stage of Song,the ways of horse trade had changed,both regional command and trade office could participate in purchasing horse deals.Even the command can take over the trade under royal permissions,as seen on scyee examples recently found.