博物馆“研学旅行”定义及其理解

The Definition and Understanding of Museum“Field Trip”

在“研学旅行”概念正式提出前,我国已经出现过游学、研学旅游等类似概念。但有关该词的明确定义,我国学术界一直莫衷一是,各执一词,主要存在广义与狭义之分。直至2014年,随着研学旅行的官方定义被界定,该词的基本内涵终于得以明确。当前最为权威的定义是出自2016年《教育部等11部门关于推进中小学生研学旅行的意见》。通过梳理研学旅行定义演变过程,归纳出定义涵盖的五方面要素,并提出博物馆研学旅行主要包含两大系统:一是来自博物馆的旧有系统;一是来自教育部门和旅游部门(主要来自教育部门)的全新系统。明确博物馆研学旅行的概念及其内涵,厘清新旧两类系统,探讨发挥旧有系统的经验优势,以促使两类系统的良性共生,有利于解决研学旅行中“游而不学”现象。

Before the concept of "field trip" was formally proposed, similar concepts such as study tours and study travels have appeared in China. However, regarding the clear definition of the term, the academic circles in China have always been inconsistent with each other. It is mainly divided into narrow and broad definitions. Until 2014, with the official definition of "field trip" defined, the basic connotation of the term was finally clarified. The most authoritative definition currently comes from the Opinions of 11 Departments including the Ministry of Education on Promoting the Field Trips to Primary and Secondary Schools in 2016. By clarifying the evolution of the definition of "field trip", the definition is summed up into five elements. "Museum field trip", mainly includes two major systems: one is the old system from the museum. Another is a brand new system from the education sector and the tourism sector(mainly from the education sector). To solve the unrealistic phenomenon of "travel without learning", the concept and connotation of museum field trip should be defined clearly, to make a distinguish between the old system and the new one, moreover, to explore how to make use of the experience advantages of the old system so as to promote the benign symbiosis of the two systems.