二元农业、农户生活货币化与乡村振兴——来自桂东北瑶寨的调查与思考

Dual Agriculture,Monetization of Peasants’Life and Rural Revitalization:Fieldwork Studies and Reflections from Yao Village in Northeast Guangxi

农业革命带来了小农劳动密集型农业,与资本、技术密集型农业二元并存的格局。不能进入可盈利的资本、技术密集型农业则只能外出务工,在边远少数民族地区尤其如此。“剩余劳动力”概念对此经验概括并不准确,理论上对二元农业缺乏解释力,并掩盖了农户生活逻辑的转变。二元农业带来农户生活货币化,使之受制于大市场和资本。这一转变还渗入社会和文化,加速社会分化和转型。在理论上,这要求人类学研究不仅应深描和阐释其社会文化特色,也应关注其现实发展困境。在现实上,它表明乡村振兴应从资金、技术和市场对接等方面为小农托底入手,使之可参与资本、技术密集型农业的部分环节。

The agricultural revolution has brought about the duality of labor-intensive agriculture of small holders,coexisting with capital and technology-intensive agriculture.Without access to profitable capital and technology-intensive agriculture,one can only go out to work,especially in remote ethnic areas.The concept of“surplus labor”is not accurate in summarizing this experience.Theoretically,it lacks explanatory power for dual agriculture and conceals the change in the logic of farmers’lives.Dual agriculture brings about the monetization of peasants’life,making them subject to the big market and capital.This change has also penetrated into society and culture,accelerating social differentiation and transformation.Theoretically,this requires that anthropological research should not only describe and explain its social and cultural characteristics,but also pay attention to its actual development dilemma.In reality,it shows that rural revitalization should start with funding,technology,and market docking for smallholder peasants,so that they can participate in part of the capital-and technology-intensive agriculture.