普惠金融、农村金融发展与农户贫困减缓:基于中部六省的经验分析

Development of Inclusive Finance and Rural Finance and Poverty Alleviation of Rural Households: An Empirical Analysis Based on Six Provinces of Central China

农村金融是影响普惠金融发展的重要因素,而普惠金融则是农户贫困减缓的有效途径。文章以中部六省2010—2018年面板数据为样本,从普惠金融发展深度和广度两维度测度了各省普惠金融发展水平,并基于普惠金融视角,实证研究了农村金融的贫困减缓效应。研究显示,普惠金融和农村金融均对减缓农户贫困具有明显的积极效果;普惠金融对减缓农户贫困的作用呈现先弱后强的"U"型规律;普惠金融发展水平较低时,传统农村金融机构的减贫效应相对明显;普惠金融发展水平较高时,新型农村金融机构的减贫效应则较为明显。

Rural finance is an important factor to influence the development of inclusive finance, and inclusive finance is an effective way to alleviate rural poverty. Taking the panel data of six provinces in central China from 2010 to 2018 as samples, this paper measures the development level of inclusive finance in different provinces from two dimensions of depth and breadth, and the paper also studies the poverty alleviation effect of rural finance from the perspective of inclusive finance. The research shows that both inclusive finance and rural finance have significant positive effects on the poverty alleviation of rural households;the effect of inclusive finance on the rural poverty alleviation presents a "U" pattern which means the effect is weak first and then becomes stronger;when the development level of inclusive finance is a bit lower, the poverty reduction effect of traditional rural finance is relatively obvious, while when the development level of inclusive finance is higher, the poverty reduction effect of new rural financial institutions is more obvious.