无因管理价值基础的体系化与制度阐释

Systematism and Interpretation of Value Foundation of Negotiorum Gestio

民法典无因管理制度的解释需要妥当的价值基础理论作为支撑。既有的无因管理价值基础理论呈现出利他主义与平衡不当利益状态二元割裂的状态,并衍生规则合理性与适用范围完整性的问题。欲实现无因管理价值基础的体系化,必须澄清利他主义内涵并非是伦理意义上的纯粹利他主义,而是行为理性意义上的互惠利他主义。基于互惠利他主义的价值基础,无因管理应定位于准合同,以受益人意思作为类型区分标准,以利他性作为管理人合作规则的中心,以合理回报作为受益人合作规则的中心,并以劳动对象、劳动资料的交换价值和风险分担分别作为费用偿还义务与损害补偿义务的价值基础。

The legal interpretation of negotiorum gestio in Chinese Civil Code need an appropriate value foundation. The separation between altruism and the theory of balancing unjust state of interest makes the problems of provision rationalization and application integrity. To realize systematism of value foundation of negotiorum gestio and solve these problems, it’s necessary to research meaning of altruism and make it reciprocal altruism instead of pure altruism. As a result, negotiorum gestio becomes a part of quasi-contract, and the element of beneficiary’s will and altruistic degree, and mechanism for benefits distribution should be considered, as well as reaching reciprocal and altruistic cooperation by returning means of production and making up for sharing risk.