倡导联盟框架:动态演进、应用特征及其应用评价

Advocacy Coalition Framework: Dynamic Evolution,Application Feature and Application Evaluation

倡导联盟框架(ACF)是公共政策研究的主流分析框架之一。ACF在其动态演进中得以提升对差异化政治体制的适应性和现实解释力,促进了ACF的广泛应用。基于理论与具体情境结合、研究方法运用、理论嬗变三个维度进行考察,发现ACF在现实政策分析中呈现出概念简化、定性方法主导、整合多元理论的应用特征,从而使ACF更适用于具体政策问题分析。ACF为研究者提供了行动主义分析途径,研究者在应用研究中能够借助相应的操作方法关注到个体行动者的主观性及能动性对政策的作用,ACF在应用中建立了从微观到宏观三个分析层面,并构建了解释政策变迁的“信念”概念,同时ACF更善于处理多样性背景下的复杂政治过程;但ACF对政治系统差异仍关照不足,变量复杂的分析框架也限制了诸如政策变迁因果机制、政策僵局、联盟机会结构等一些概念和理论的发展。我国ACF应用研究存在僵化移植和理解偏差问题,未来需将中国具体情境与ACF相结合以建构本土化政策分析工具。

Advocacy Coalition Framework(ACF)is one of the mainstream analysis frameworks for public policy research.It enhances the adaptability and realistic interpretation capacity of differentiated political system in its dynamic evolution,which promotes its wide application.By examining three dimensions of the ACF:combination of theory with specific situations,the application of research method,and the evolution of the theory,this paper finds that the ACF has such application features in practical policy analysis as simplifying concepts,applying qualitative methods and integrating multiple theories.These features make it more suitable for the analysis of specific policy issues.It provides researchers with an activism analysis approach so that they can observe the significance of the individual actor’s subjectivity and initiative on policies with the help of corresponding operational methods in application research.In application,it establishes three micro and macro analytical levels,and constructs the concept of“belief”in the explanation of policy changes.Meanwhile,it is adept in dealing with complex political processes in diverse backgrounds.However,it does not pay enough attention to the differences between political systems,and its analysis framework with complex variables also hampers the development of some concepts and theories,such as the causal mechanism of policy change,policy deadlock,and alliance opportunity structure.Since there exist rigid transplantation and deviant understanding in China’s ACF application research,it is necessary to combine China’s reality with the ACF to develop a localized policy analysis tool in the future research.