丝状真菌遗传转化体系及筛选技术的研究进展

The Research Progress on Genetic Transformation System and Screening Techniques of Filamentous Fungi

目前,丝状真菌已经广泛应用于工业、农业、医药等领域,随着基因时代的发展,大量丝状真菌基因组序列公布,丝状真菌的基因功能研究和菌种改造也成为现今分子生物学的热点,但是这些研究都需要高效稳定的遗传转化体系来支撑。然而现有的遗传转化方法仍存在转化效率较低、筛选阳性困难等问题。为了在大量转化受体中筛选阳性转化子,快速准确的检测阳性转化子在遗传转化研究中具有至关重要的作用。综述了目前广泛使用的丝状真菌遗传转化体系的构建方法以及从核酸、蛋白质、生物学特性等方面鉴定丝状真菌阳性转化子的检测方法,为从分子水平研究丝状真菌的基因功能、改良菌种奠定基础。

At present,filamentous fungi has been widely used in industry,agriculture,medicine.With the development of the genome era,a large number of filamentous fungi genomes were published,and the gene function of filamentous fungi and strain improvement have become a hot spot in the molecular biology,but these studies are need to be supported by efficient and stable genetic transformation system.However,the existing genetic transformation methods still have some problems,such as low transformation efficiency and positive screening.In order to screen positive transformants in a large number of transformation receptors,rapid and accurate screening positive transformants plays a crucial role in the study of genetic transformation.In this paper,the construction methods of genetic transformation system of filamentous fungi and the screening methods of identifying positive strains from the aspects of nucleic acid,protein and biological characteristics were reviewed,which laid the foundation for studying gene function and strain improving of filamentous fungi from the molecular level.