制造业服务化对制造业劳动生产率的影响

A Research on the Influence of Manufacturing Service on Manufacturing Labor Productivity

伴随经济发展和技术进步,制造业服务化逐渐成为产业发展的趋势。文章构建制造业生产中服务业的参与度指标,反映制造业产品生产过程中对服务业的使用程度。由WIOD提供的40个国家(地区)的投入产出表和社会经济核算面板数据构建计量经济模型,分析了服务业的产业关联对制造业劳动生产率的影响。分析结果表明,第一,服务业参与度对制造业劳动生产率具有正向影响,且服务业所占比重较低时效果更明显,制造业服务化对制造业劳动生产率的影响具有门槛特征。对不同国家的制造业产业的分析结果显示,传统制造业的劳动生产率更易受到服务业的正向影响。第二,中等收入组服务业对制造业劳动生产率的促进作用大于高收入组;不同收入水平组受不同服务业部门的影响,对劳动生产率的促进作用存在较大差异。

With the economic and technological development,servitization in manufacturing has gradually become a developing trend of industrial structure.Within this background this paper analyzes the impact of service industry on manufacturing labor productivity from the industrial linkage perspective.Firstly,the vertical integration index of manufacturing industry is constructed based on input-output technology,which reflects the full participation of service industry in the production process of manufacturing products.Then based on the input-output data of 40 countries(regions)provided by WIOD and the panel data of social and economic accounting,the econometric model is constructed to empirically analyze the impact of industrial linkages of service industry on labor productivity of manufacturing industry.The main results show that,first of all,the increase in the participation of service industry increases the labor productivity of the manufacturing,especially when the proportion of service industry in a country(region)is low.The result of taking the level of service industry development as a threshold variable shows that the influence of servitization has threshold characteristics.Secondly,the analysis of different manufacturing sectors shows that the labor productivity of traditional manufacturing sectors is more likely to be promoted by the development of service industry.Thirdly,according to the analysis based on different per capita GDP groups,the labor productivity of manufacturing industry in middle-income group is much higher than that in high-income group because of service industry participation.Finally,the analysis of the service industry classification shows that the participation of real estate activities in high-income group has a significant effect on the labor productivity of manufacturing industry,while the use of other services and education,renting and business services in middle-income group has a positive impact.