乐府损益方法的形成与雅乐的关系

On the Relationship between Yuefu Profit-Loss Method Formation and Ceremonial Music

损益方法是乐府入乐的常用方法,这种方法既用于俗乐,也用于雅乐。乐府是自由创作的,没有定式定句,亦无定韵定字。如何入乐与音乐旋律合而为一,如何将自由与体制纳入乐府音乐文学体制,是乐府音乐文学体制无法回避的问题。损益修改是乐府辞乐合一的唯一途径,乐府的损益方法并不是损益歌辞,以文就乐,而是既损益歌辞,也损益旋律,这是相当复杂的。这种方法产生于雅乐,雅乐是用于朝庙仪式的音乐文学,为了与朝庙仪式相合,必须损益歌辞和旋律。

Profit-loss method is a common modification for Yuefu composition,both for popular and elegant music.Yuefu is a free creation,in which there is no fixed synthetic structures or fixed rhymes.However,how to integrate music and music melody into one,and how to incorporate freedom and system into the Yuefu music literature system,are two unavoidable problems.The profit-loss modification is considered as the only way to Yuefus lyric and music integration.It is complicated as it not only works on lyrics but also on music melody.This method could be traced back to ceremonial music,a kind of music literature used in temple Ceremony.In order to be compatible with the temple ceremonies,it is necessary to gain and lose the lyrics and music melody.