基于农机农艺结合的不同株行距配置对塑料大棚番茄果型分级及冠层特性的影响

Effects of Different Row Spacing Allocation on Fruit Classification and Canopy Characteristics of Tomato Planted in Plastic Greenhouse Based on Combination of Agricultural Machinery and Agronomy

采用双因素随机区组设计,设5个密度(D1:1334株/667m^2、D2:1668株/667m^2、D3:2000株/667m^2、D4:2334株/667m^2、D5:2668株/667m^2)与3个行距(R1:1.2 m、R2:1.35 m、R3:1.5 m)共15个处理,探讨基于农机农艺结合的不同株行距配置对塑料大棚番茄果型分级和冠层特性的影响。结果表明:种植密度与产出果型呈反比;通过对冠层特性与产量及品质进行相关性分析得出,散射光合有效辐射比例与单果质量、单株产量、折合667m^2产量呈极显著正相关,与可溶性糖含量呈极显著负相关,与糖酸比呈显著负相关,是一个非常重要的冠层特性参数;通过对番茄果型分级、营养品质、冠层特性及产量的比较,R3D4处理在果型分级、品质指标及节本增效方面综合表现最佳,但折合667m^2产量表现较低,为12922.40 kg,而R1D2折合667m^2产量高达15390.65 kg,且在果型分级、品质指标亦表现较佳。综合考虑各项指标,R1D2处理(即行距1.2 m密度为1668株/667m^2)、R3D4(即行距1.5 m密度为2334株/667m^2)为宁夏地区大跨度塑料大棚农机农艺结合较为适宜的两种株行距配置方式。

To explore the influence of different row spacing allocation on fruit classification and canopy characteristics of tomato in plastic greenhouse based on the combination of agricultural machinery and agronomy,two-factor random block design was used under total of 15 treatments,which included five densities(D1:1334 plants/667m^2,D2:1668 plants/667m^2,D3:2000 plants/667m^2,D4:2334 plants/667m^2,D5:2668 plants/667m^2)and was combined with three row spacings(R1:1.2 m,R2:1.35 m,R3:1.5 m).The results showed that there was an inverse relationship between planting density and fruit type.Based on the correlation analysis of canopy characteristics,yield and quality,the ratio of scattered photosynthetic active radiation was positively correlated with the single fruit mass,single plant yield and yield per 667m^2,while it was negatively correlated with soluble sugar content and negatively correlated with sugar-acid ratio,so it was a very important canopy characteristic parameter.By comparing the fruit type classification,nutritional quality,canopy characteristics and yield of tomato,we found that R3D4 treatment comprehensively showed the best performance in fruit type classification,nutritional quality,and cost-saving and synergistic effect,but its yield of 12922.40 kg was lower per 667m^2 while yield per 667m^2 under R1D2 treatment reached to 15390.65 kg,and the fruit type classification and nutritional quality were good.Therefore both R1D2(1.2 m row spacing,density of 1668 plants/667m^2)and R3D4(1.5 m row spacing,density of 2334 plants/667m^2)were the suitable row spacing allocation for the combination of agricultural machinery and agronomy in the large-span plastic greenhouse in Ningxia.