不同滴灌量枸杞田间土壤水分运移特征

Characteristics of Soil Water Movement in Wolfberry Fields under Different Drip Irrigation Amounts

为了探讨不同滴灌量对枸杞田间土壤水分运移的影响,在栽培条件下,以‘宁杞1号’‘宁杞5号’‘宁杞7号’‘宁杞9号’为材料,通过田间试验研究5100 m^3·hm^-2(W1)、4350 m^3·hm^-2(W2)、3600 m^3·hm^-2(W3)、2850 m^3·hm^-2(W4)和2100 m^3·hm^-2(W5)5个滴灌量处理下枸杞产量、0~80 cm土壤水分运移和水分利用效率的变化规律。结果表明,0~20 cm土壤含水量随枸杞生育进程的推进呈波动式递减趋势,W5和W1处理土壤含水量最低,平均分别为16.91%和18.40%。灌水前后不同品种剖面土壤含水量变化差异明显,灌水后0~80 cm土壤含水量随灌溉时间延长以40 cm为“临界点”开始下降逐渐趋于平缓,W5处理下‘宁杞1号’和‘宁杞5号’剖面土壤含水量最低,W4、W1处理分别使‘宁杞7号’‘宁杞9号’田间土壤含水量低于其他处理。不同品种枸杞水分利用效率差异显著,与W1处理相比,W5处理在灌水量减少3000 m^3·hm^-2情况下显著提高‘宁杞1号’‘宁杞5号’产量,水分利用效率也显著提高60.40%、90.57%。‘宁杞7号’W5处理较W1处理产量提高5.05%的同时,水分利用效率极显著提高49.54%,W2处理水分利用效率仅提高3.64%。‘宁杞9号’灌水量减少均能显著提高水分利用效率,W4处理效果最佳。在常规灌溉基础上适度减少滴灌水量,能有效调控枸杞田间土壤水分运移和提高水分利用率。

In order to investigate the effects of different drip irrigation amounts on soil water movement in wolfberry fields under cultivated conditions of‘Ningqi 1’‘Ningqi 5’‘Ningqi 7’and‘Ningqi 9’,a field experiment with five drip irrigation amounts of 5100 m^3·hm^-2(W1),4350 m^3·hm^-2(W2),3600 m^3·hm^-2(W3),2850 m^3·hm^-2(W4),2100 m^3·hm^-2(W5)was conducted to study the variation of wolfberry yield,soil water movement in 0-80 cm soil depth and water use efficiency.The results showed that soil water contents in 0-20 cm decreased in wave at the growing stage,which were at lowest level by 16.91%and 18.40%under treatments of W5 and W1 respectively.Soil water contents significantly changed before and after drip irrigation in different wolfberry fields of different varieties,and with soil depth of 40 cm as“critical point”,the soil water contents declined gradually with the increase of drip irrigation times in soil depth of 0-80 cm.Soil water contents were lowest in.W5 under the cultivated conditions of‘Ningqi 1’‘Ningqi 5’,meanwhile,it was lower in other treatments in wolfberry fields of‘Ningqi 1’‘Ningqi 5’compared with treatments of W4 and W1.There were significant difference between water use efficiency of different wolfberry varieties,compared with treatment W1,the wolfberry yield significantly increased with increase of drip irrigation amount of 3000 m^3·hm^-2 in treatment W5 in wolfberry fields of‘Ningqi 1’and‘Ningqi 5’and water use efficiency also increased by 60.40%and 90.57%,respectively.For the wolfberry of‘Ningqi 7’,the yield increased by 5.05%in treatment W5 compared with treatment W1,and then water use efficiency significantly increased by 49.54%,however,the water use efficiency only increased by 3.64%in treatment W2.The water use efficiency significantly increased with increase of drip irrigation amounts in wolfberry fields of‘Ningqi 9’and treatment W4 was the optimal water management.Therefore,it can effectively regulate soil water movement and improve water use efficiency by reducing drip irrigation amounts properly based on the conventional irrigation amount.