亚历山大·克莱因与莱比锡巴特·迪伦贝格大居住区 德国魏玛时期户型平面研究及其实践

Alexander Klein and the Large-scale Housing Estate at Bad Dürrenberg A Case Study for the Research on Dwelling Unit Plan in Germany During the Weimar Period and Its Practice

文章聚焦在俄国接受了建筑教育的建筑师亚历山大·克莱因20世纪20年代在德国时基于科学分析的集合住宅"最小限住宅"户型平面研究,整理和分析了他在德国建筑杂志发表的一系列集合住宅户型平面研究成果,并考察了30年代日本如何接受亚历山大·克莱因的影响。文章最后介绍了克莱因在莱比锡近郊巴特迪伦贝格1 000户规模的大居住区中的规划设计及其户型平面研究的具体应用。

This paper discusses Alexander Klein’s research on the dwelling unit plan that was designed for Bad Durrenberg,a town near Leipzig in Germany.Alexander Klein(1879-1961),a Russian-born architect,dealt with the study to improve the residential environment in small dwellings in Germany during the Weimar period.He developed graphical methods to evaluate plans of dwelling units objectively,for example,the diagram to analyze the motion of a dweller in rooms and so on.His research results were published in many German architectural journals in the late 1920 s and subsequently introduced in Japanese architectural journals in the 1930 s.In 1928,Klein designed a large-scale housing estate at Bad Dürrenberg,consisting of 1000 dwelling units.In this project,he designed six types of dwelling units with characteristics reflecting his studies,such as functional layout of rooms with original furniture,improvement in the dark entrance rooms,widening of rooms by the use of balconies,and more.Although Klein’s planning had not been fully realized,the apartment blocks designed by him have been maintained until now and accepted inhabitants as before.