王言撰制与魏、齐文运承变

Edict Making and Changes in Literary Development from Late Northern Wei to Northern Qi Dynasty

自北魏熙平年间迄至齐末,笔盛文衰成为基本的文运态势。温子昇、邢邵、魏收因在中书、门下掌撰王言而相继成长为文坛领袖,制诰权的予夺更成为当局塑造并控御文坛的有效杠杆。魏收“大才士”论抬高辞赋的人才评价功用而贬低“章表碑志”,实在于摆脱舆评对于文枢秘职所持“几案之吏”的固化印象。魏收在高齐皇权的扶植下成为军国文书、国史礼律的主撰者,同时也变成文坛争议的焦点所在:针对王言撰制的程式化与原创性,魏收与邢邵展开争鸣;围绕制诰权与监史权,魏收又与阳休之产生朋争。上述汉人文官内部的矛盾至齐末让位于胡汉之争,文林馆为魏收、阳休之、祖珽、张雕等文儒领袖联合应对鲜卑排汉提供了契机。文林馆隶属门下,又充分吸收中央文枢部门、公府以及并州军府的后进文官,在主导北齐国家文化建设的同时,也附加了对抗鲜卑贵势的政治功能,客观上又为周、隋中央文枢组织建构以及文坛发展奠定了基础。

From the Xiping period of Northern Wei to the end of Northern Qi Dynasty,the prosperity of writing and the decline of literature became the basic trend of literary movement.Wen Zisheng,Xing Shao and Wei Shou had successively become literary leaders because all of them were in charge of edict making in Central Secretariat.In fact,the right of edict making had become the lever of the government controlling the literary world.The purpose of Wei Shou’s comment on“Great Talent”of praising literary writing and depreciating the practical writing like regulation,memorial,tablet inscription,ctc.was to get rid of the wrong impression of public opinion about his royal secretary position and his edict works.Wei Shou became a literary leader under the support of the monarchy.At the same time,he also became the focus of the literary controversy:He and Xing Shao argued about the originality and stylization of the edict making,while competed with Yang Xiuzhi for the power to the edict making and writing of royal history.At the end of the Qi Dynasty,the above-mentioned contradictions among the civil officials of Han ethnic gave way to the dispute between Hu and Han.The Wenlin Office,subsidiary body of the Central Secretariat,provided an opportunity for the leaders of literature and Confucianism such as Wei Shou,Yang Xiuzhi,Zu Ting,Zhang Diao to unite against the Xianbei dignitaries,and recruited young officials from the central secretarial agencies to lead the cultural construction of the Northern Qi State,and also laid the foundation for the construction of royal secretary departments and the development of the literary world from Northern Zhou to Sui Dynasty.