我国优秀女子划艇运动员专项运动能力评估研究

Evaluation of the special ability of Chinese women canoe athletes

目的:通过划艇专项运动能力评估体系,对中国划艇静水队运动员运动能力进行评估,为指导运动员科学训练,提高运动员竞技水平提供依据。方法:选取中国女子划艇静水队7名运动员为研究对象,通过专项运动能力评估体系,采集运动员输出功率值、最大摄氧量、血乳酸值、肺通气量等指标,并结合比赛成绩,对运动员的运动能力进行评估。结果:1)与第一次测试相比,女子划艇运动员第二次测试速度测试指标变化为:10 s、30 s、第25 s^30 s、2 min全力划平均功率值有所降低但无显著性差异(P>0.05);最大摄氧量提高了0.74%(P>0.05);血乳酸值显著降低33.85%(P<0.05);每分钟通气量(VE)显著提高42.39%(P<0.001)。2)与第一次测试相比,女子划艇运动员第二次测试耐力测试指标变化为:60s平均功率提高2.64%(P>0.05),最大摄氧量显著提高5.47%(P<0.05),血乳酸值显著降低33.01%(P<0.001),每分钟通气量(VE)显著提高13.91%(P<0.01)。3)女子划艇运动员比赛成绩变化为:200 m、500 m项目比赛成绩均有所提高,2018年皮划艇世界杯期间5名运动员斩获2金、3银、1铜,雅加达亚运会其中2名运动员取得2枚金牌。结论:通过两次专项运动能力评估与反馈,寻找出专项运动能力中的短板,提出训练建议,调整训练计划,阶段性实施后,国家队女子划艇运动员的最大摄氧量、划桨功率、高功率维持能力、耐力水平均有一定程度的提高。研究所采用的运动能力评估方案可用于划艇运动项目的专项能力评估中,能为国家女子划艇队备战2020年东京奥运会提供科技支撑。

Objective:Through the special athletic ability assessment system for canoe,the athlete specific physical performance can be assessed in order to guide the athletes in scientific training and improve the athletes'competitive level.Methods:7 athletes from the Chinese women's rowing stills were selected as the research objects.Through the special sports ability evaluation system,the athletes'output power value,maximum oxygen uptake,blood lactate value,lung ventilation and other indicators were collected,and combined with the results of the competition,the athletes’motor ability is assessed.Results:1)Compared with the first test,the second test of the rowing athletes speed test indicators changed:10 s,30 s,25 s-30 s,2 min,the average power value of the full force was reduced but not significant sexual difference(P>0.05);maximal oxygen uptake increased by 0.74%(P>0.05);blood lactate value decreased significantly by 33.85%(P<0.05);minute ventilation(VE)increased significantly by 42.39%(P<0.001)).2)Compared with the first test(Beihai),the second test(Ezhou)endurance test index of female rowers was changed:the average power of 60 s increased by 2.64%(P>0.05),and the maximum oxygen uptake increased by 5.47%(P<0.05),blood lactate value decreased significantly by 33.01%(P<0.001),and ventilation per minute(VE)increased significantly by 13.91%(P<0.01).3)The results of the women's rowing athletes'performance changed:the results of the 200 m and 500 m project competitions were improved.During the 2018 World Cup during the Kayak World Cup,5 athletes won 2 golds,3 silvers and 1 bronze.2 athletes from the Asian Games in Jakarta won 2 gold medals.Conclusion:Through two special sports ability assessments and feedbacks,find out the short board in the special sports ability,put forward the training suggestions,adjust the training plan,the maximum oxygen uptake,rowing power,high power maintenance ability and endurance level of the women rowers of the national team have been improved to some extent after the phased implementation.The sports ability evaluation scheme adopted in this paper can be used in the special ability evaluation of rowing events,and can provide scientific and technological support for the national women's canoe team to prepare for the 2020 Tokyo Olympic Games.